Arrange the following sectors according to their share in the economy...
- During the colonial period, the occupational structure of India, i.e., distribution of working persons across different industries and sectors, showed little sign of change.
- The agricultural sector accounted for the largest share of workforce, which usually remained at a high of 70-75 per cent while the manufacturing and the services sectors accounted for only 10 and 15-20 per cent respectively.
- Another striking aspect was the growing regional variation. Parts of the then Madras Presidency (comprising areas of the present-day states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka), Bombay and Bengal witnessed a decline in the dependence of the workforce on the agricultural sector with a commensurate increase in the manufacturing and the services sectors.
- However, there had been an increase in the share of workforce in agriculture during the same time in states such as Orissa, Rajasthan and Punjab.
Arrange the following sectors according to their share in the economy...
Overview:
During the colonial rule in India, the economy was primarily based on agriculture, followed by manufacturing and services. The correct order of the sectors based on their share in the economy is 1-3-2, i.e., agriculture, services, and manufacturing.
1. Agriculture:
- The agriculture sector was the dominant sector in the Indian economy during the colonial rule.
- The majority of the population in India was engaged in agriculture, and it was the main source of livelihood for the people.
- The British colonial administration implemented various policies that favored the production of cash crops like indigo, opium, and cotton, which were exported for the benefit of the British Empire.
- The land revenue system introduced by the British, such as the Permanent Settlement, Mahalwari System, and Ryotwari System, further exploited the farmers and led to impoverishment.
2. Services:
- The services sector had a significant share in the colonial economy, primarily due to the presence of the British administration.
- Services such as trade, transportation, banking, and administration were introduced by the British and played a crucial role in maintaining their colonial rule.
- The British established railways, telegraph lines, and postal services to facilitate their administrative and commercial activities.
- The introduction of English education created a demand for services like teaching, law, and bureaucracy.
- The services sector, although relatively smaller compared to agriculture, provided employment opportunities for a section of the population.
3. Manufacturing:
- Manufacturing was the least developed sector during the colonial rule in India.
- The British policies aimed at deindustrialization to promote their own industries and protect their home market.
- Traditional Indian industries, such as textiles, handicrafts, and metalwork, were destroyed or severely affected due to the influx of British goods.
- The British implemented high tariffs, restricted access to raw materials, and discouraged the growth of Indian industries.
- The few manufacturing industries that existed were mainly owned and controlled by the British, and their primary objective was to extract resources from India rather than promote industrial development.
Therefore, during the colonial rule in India, the sectors can be arranged in the order of their share in the economy as 1-3-2, with agriculture being the dominant sector, followed by services and manufacturing.