Latina, Phamsana and Valabhi are subdivisions of Nagara style temples depending upon shapes of Shikhara (tower). Latina or Rekha Prasada is a simple and most common type of Shikhara. It is square at the base and the walls curve towards inwards to point on top. Phamsana are broader and shorter than Latina types. The roof is composed of several slabs that rise to a single point over the centre of the building. The roof of Phamsana does not curve inwards but slopes upwards on a straight line. Valabhi type Shikhara are rectangular buildings that rise into a vaulted chamber. the edge of the vaulted chamber is round like wooden wagons drawn by bullocks in ancient times.

Introduction:
In the cultural history of India, ‘Latina’, ‘Phamsana’, and ‘Valabhi’ are types of roofs found in temples.

Explanation:
1. Latina:
- Latina is a type of roof found in Indian temples.
- It is characterized by a curvilinear shape and is often referred to as a 'domical' roof.
- This style of roof is commonly seen in the South Indian temple architecture, particularly in the Dravidian style of architecture.
- The Latina roof has a concave shape, resembling the back of a tortoise.
- It is built using stone or brick and is designed to provide stability and support to the temple structure.

2. Phamsana:
- Phamsana is another type of roof found in Indian temples.
- It is a sloping roof that is typically pyramid-shaped or gabled.
- The Phamsana roof is commonly seen in the North Indian temple architecture, particularly in the Nagara style of architecture.
- It is built using stone or brick and is designed to protect the main sanctum or garbhagriha of the temple.
- The sloping roof helps in draining rainwater away from the temple structure.

3. Valabhi:
- Valabhi is a type of roof found in ancient Indian temples.
- It is a flat roof that is horizontally placed on the top of the temple structure.
- The Valabhi roof is commonly seen in the early temple architecture of India, particularly in the Gupta period.
- It is built using stone or brick and is designed to provide a simple and minimalist look to the temple.
- The flat roof allows for the inclusion of decorative elements like sculptures, carvings, or paintings on the ceiling.

Conclusion:
In summary, Latina, Phamsana, and Valabhi are types of roofs found in Indian temples. Latina has a curvilinear shape, Phamsana has a sloping pyramid-shaped or gabled shape, and Valabhi has a flat horizontal shape. These roofs are integral to the temple architecture and contribute to the overall aesthetic and functional aspects of the temples.

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