During which phase of meiosis homologous chromosomes separate ?a)metaphase-Ib)anaphase-Ic)prophase-IId)telophase-IICorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer: B. Anaphase-I

Explanation:
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase-I. Meiosis is a two-step process, consisting of Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Meiosis I:
- Prophase-I: Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids.
- Metaphase-I: Homologous chromosome pairs align at the equatorial plate.
- Anaphase-I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
- This is the phase where the answer lies, as homologous chromosomes separate during this phase.
- Telophase-I: Chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelope reforms, and the cell divides into two daughter cells.

Meiosis II:
- Prophase-II: Chromosomes condense again, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Metaphase-II: Individual chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.
- Anaphase-II: Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase-II: Chromatids reach the poles of the cell, nuclear envelope reforms, and the cells divide, resulting in four genetically unique haploid cells.

Answer

The prophase I of meiosis I is marked by synapsis of homologous chromosomes and crossing over. Metaphase I is marked by the movement of pairs of homologous chromosomes towards the equator and their arrangement on it. Anaphase I is marked by separation of homologous chromosomes and their movement towards opposite poles. The condensation of chromatin and appearance of chromosomes with sister chromatids takes place during prophase II. Metaphase II is marked by the arrangement of chromosomes (each with two sister chromatids) on cell's equator which is then separated by splitting of centromere and move towards opposite poles during anaphase II.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Answer

During anaphase I homologous Ch separate and Ch no become double...

Answer

Understanding Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes. It consists of two consecutive divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II.
Separation of Homologous Chromosomes
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate in a specific phase:
- Anaphase-I: This is the correct phase where homologous chromosomes separate.
- In this phase, the spindle fibers pull the homologous chromosomes apart toward opposite poles of the cell.
- Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids that remain attached at the centromere.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
- Metaphase-I:
- Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate but do not separate at this stage.
- Prophase-II:
- This phase occurs after meiosis I, where the two daughter cells prepare for a second division, and no separation of homologous chromosomes happens here.
- Telophase-II:
- This phase involves the separation of sister chromatids into four distinct gametes, but the homologous chromosomes have already separated by this point in meiosis.
Conclusion
In summary, homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase-I of meiosis. Understanding this key phase is crucial for grasping the overall process of meiosis, which is essential for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

Answer

Yes, it's Option-(b) .
the homologous chromosomes separate,while sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres in Meiosis-I.

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