The correct answer is option 'C': Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.

During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which took place from 1966 to 1976, Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communist Party of China, introduced a campaign to reassert his authority and eliminate opposition within the party. One of the key aspects of this campaign was the sending of students and professionals to the countryside to work and learn from the peasants.

Below is a detailed explanation of the answer:

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution:
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a massive socio-political movement initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966. Mao aimed to reassert his authority within the Communist Party and eliminate any opposition that he believed posed a threat to his leadership. The movement lasted for about ten years and had a profound impact on Chinese society.

Sending students and professionals to the countryside:
As part of the Cultural Revolution, Mao believed that the youth in urban areas, particularly students and professionals, had become disconnected from the ideals of the communist revolution. He saw the need to reconnect them with the rural population, who he believed embodied the true spirit of communism.

To achieve this goal, Mao introduced a policy that sent millions of students and professionals from urban areas to the countryside. They were known as "educated youth" or "sent-down youth." The primary purpose of this policy was to expose these individuals to the realities of rural life and to learn from the peasants.

Objectives and outcomes:
1. Reeducation: The main objective of sending students and professionals to the countryside was to reeducate them in the communist ideology and instill in them a sense of revolutionary fervor. Mao believed that by living and working with the peasants, these urban youth would develop a better understanding of the hardships faced by the rural population and the values of collectivism.

2. Reducing inequality: Another objective was to reduce the growing inequality between urban and rural areas. By sending educated youth to the countryside, Mao aimed to bridge the gap between the two and promote equality.

3. Disrupting opposition: Additionally, the policy served the purpose of disrupting potential opposition to Mao's leadership within the cities. By scattering the educated youth across rural areas, Mao sought to weaken any organized resistance that may have posed a threat to his control.

4. Impact on the educated youth: The experience of the educated youth varied greatly. While some embraced the opportunity to learn from the peasants and actively participated in rural work, others faced harsh conditions, discrimination, and isolation. Many experienced a loss of education and career opportunities during their time in the countryside.

In conclusion, during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong implemented a policy to send students and professionals to the countryside to work and learn from the peasants. This policy aimed to reeducate the urban youth in communist ideology, reduce inequality between urban and rural areas, disrupt potential opposition, and bridge the gap between urban and rural populations. The impact of this policy varied among the educated youth, with some embracing the experience and others facing hardships and limitations.