The term 'नागरिक समानता' means 'citizen equality' in English. It is a fundamental principle of democracy and ensures that all citizens of a country are treated equally before the law, without any discrimination based on their caste, religion, gender, or economic status.

Explanation:

The meaning of the options given in the question are:

a) कानून के समक्ष समानता - Equality before the law
b) अवसर की समानता - Equality of opportunity
c) धन का समान वितरण - Equal distribution of wealth
d) राज्य के मामलों में भाग लेने का समान अधिकार - Equal right to participate in the affairs of the state

The correct answer is option 'A' which means 'Equality before the law'. This is because the principle of 'नागरिक समानता' refers to the equal treatment of all citizens before the law. It means that every individual is subject to the same laws and regulations, irrespective of their social, economic or political status. It ensures that no one is above the law and everyone is entitled to equal protection and benefits of the law.

Importance of 'नागरिक समानता':

1. Ensures social justice: 'नागरिक समानता' promotes social justice by ensuring that all citizens are treated equally, without any discrimination based on their caste, religion, gender or economic status.

2. Ensures rule of law: The principle of equality before the law ensures that everyone is subject to the same laws and regulations, irrespective of their status. This ensures the rule of law and promotes a sense of security and trust among citizens.

3. Promotes democracy: 'नागरिक समानता' is a fundamental principle of democracy. It ensures that every citizen has an equal right to participate in the affairs of the state, irrespective of their background.

4. Fosters national unity: The principle of equality before the law fosters national unity by promoting a sense of equality and shared identity among citizens.

Conclusion:

'नागरिक समानता' is a fundamental principle of democracy and promotes social justice, rule of law, democracy and national unity. It ensures that all citizens are treated equally before the law, irrespective of their background, and promotes a sense of security and trust among citizens.