Consider the following statementsBali which was voluntary in the Maur...
Statement 1 is correct: Bali was a tax used differently by different kingdoms to have additional revenue collection. In the early vedic age the bali was collected by the king from subjects and consisted of one-sixth of the agricultural produce or even cattles paid as tribute. The tribute from the enemies was also called bali. The bali in Maurya age was not compulsory and even Rummindei inscription records that people of lumbini were exempted from bali.
In Gupta age Bali became compulsory. The Gupta age made certain changes in the administration. The Maury as had centralised administration whereas Gupta’s decentralised the administration.
Statement 2 is correct: Bhaga in Gupta age was tax paid by the cultivators. It was one-sixth of the produce. Bhaga was paid in cash. The Gupta’s had the policy of devolution and it helped local communities to progress in their administration.
Bhoga: It was a general tribute to the king
Hiranya: Tax on special produce. It was paid in cash
Halivakara: Ploughing tax
Kara: non-uniform tax charged from villagers
Shulka: Custom or toll tax
Udinanga: Tax on social security
Klipta: Tax related to sale and purchase of land