Subsidiary Alliance: The Subsidiary Alliance system was a method perfected by Lord Wellesley to subjugate Indian powers without the cost and botheration of war.

Effective Control, Subsidiary Alliance, and Doctrine of Lapse were policies implemented by the British East India Company during their rule in India. These policies were aimed at consolidating their control over the Indian subcontinent and expanding their territorial and economic power.

Effective Control:

Effective Control was a policy introduced by Lord Cornwallis in the late 18th century. The main objective of this policy was to establish British control over Indian states without annexation. The policy allowed the British to interfere in the internal affairs of Indian states and to control their foreign policy.

Subsidiary Alliance:

Subsidiary Alliance was a policy introduced by Lord Wellesley in the early 19th century. The policy required Indian states to maintain a British subsidiary force in their territory. In return, the British promised to protect the Indian state from external threats. However, the Indian state had to pay for the maintenance of the British force, which often led to financial burdens.

Doctrine of Lapse:

Doctrine of Lapse was a policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie in the mid-19th century. The policy stated that if an Indian ruler died without a natural heir, the state would lapse and become a part of the British Empire. The policy was aimed at expanding British territory in India and consolidating their power. The policy was highly controversial and led to the annexation of several Indian states, which angered the Indian rulers and people.

Conclusion:

Effective Control, Subsidiary Alliance, and Doctrine of Lapse were policies implemented by the British East India Company to consolidate their control over India. These policies were aimed at expanding British territorial and economic power in India. However, these policies were often controversial and led to resentment among the Indian rulers and people.

Under subsidiary alliance Indian people aren't allowed to make their own independent Armed Forces, but they will be provided protection from the British army.For this, subsidiary forces has to be payed. If someone failed to do so her/his land would be taken as penalty. eg-Awadh & Hyderabad