During cell division, DNA also gets replicated. It means the two strands of DNA unwinds and each strand makes its complimentary strand and two strands are formed. This process of DNAsynthesis takes place during the interphase prior to the celldivision.

DNA Replication Process
When a cell prepares to reproduce, it undergoes a process called DNA replication. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an accurate copy of the genetic material.
Key Steps in DNA Replication:
- Unwinding of DNA:
The double helix structure of DNA is unwound by the enzyme helicase, creating a replication fork.
- Base Pairing:
Free nucleotides in the nucleus pair with the exposed bases on the template strands, following the base pairing rules (A with T, C with G).
- Formation of New Strands:
DNA polymerase enzyme adds new nucleotides to the growing strands, synthesizing the new complementary DNA strands.
- Leading and Lagging Strands:
The replication occurs continuously on the leading strand and in fragments (Okazaki fragments) on the lagging strand due to the antiparallel nature of DNA.
Checkpoints in Replication:
- Proofreading:
DNA polymerase has a proofreading ability to correct errors in base pairing, ensuring high fidelity during replication.
- Repair Mechanisms:
If errors persist, other enzymes are activated to correct any mismatched bases or damaged DNA.
Result of DNA Replication:
- Two Identical DNA Molecules:
At the end of replication, two identical DNA molecules are formed, each consisting of one original (parental) and one newly synthesized strand (semiconservative replication).
- Preparation for Cell Division:
These replicated DNA molecules are then organized into chromosomes, ready for the next phase of cell division, whether it be mitosis or meiosis, ensuring genetic continuity.