Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

Introduction:
The magnetic effect of electric current refers to the phenomenon where an electric current produces a magnetic field around it. This is one of the fundamental principles of electromagnetism and has various applications in our daily lives. To understand the magnetic effect of electric current, it is important to perform experiments that demonstrate this phenomenon.

Test for Magnetic Effect of Electric Current:
One simple and effective test to demonstrate the magnetic effect of electric current is the Oersted's experiment. This experiment involves the use of a compass needle and a current-carrying conductor. Here's how the experiment can be conducted:

Materials Required:
- Compass needle
- Battery
- Wire
- Switch
- Connecting wires

Procedure:
1. Connect the wire to the terminals of the battery.
2. Place the compass needle near the wire.
3. Observe the direction of the needle.
4. Complete the circuit by closing the switch and let the current flow through the wire.
5. Observe the compass needle again.

Observations:
- Initially, when the current is not flowing, the compass needle points in a particular direction (usually north).
- When the current is switched on, the compass needle deflects from its initial position.

Explanation:
The deflection of the compass needle occurs due to the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying wire. According to the right-hand thumb rule, the direction of the magnetic field around the wire is perpendicular to the direction of the current flow. As a result, the compass needle aligns itself with the magnetic field and deflects from its initial position.

Conclusion:
This experiment clearly demonstrates the magnetic effect of electric current. The deflection of the compass needle confirms the presence of a magnetic field around the current-carrying wire. This magnetic field is responsible for the various applications of electromagnetism, such as electric motors, generators, and transformers.

By conducting this test, students can gain a better understanding of the magnetic effect of electric current and its significance in our daily lives.