**Key Features of Indian Constitution: Separation of Powers**

The Indian Constitution, which was adopted on 26th January 1950, is the supreme law of the land and serves as a guiding framework for the functioning of the government and the rights and responsibilities of its citizens. One of the fundamental principles embedded in the Indian Constitution is the concept of the separation of powers. Let's dive into the details of this key feature:

**Meaning and Significance of Separation of Powers:**
The separation of powers is a constitutional principle that divides the functions of the government into three distinct branches: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. It aims to prevent the concentration of power in a single authority and ensures a system of checks and balances, providing a safeguard against the misuse or abuse of power. The principle of separation of powers helps in maintaining a democratic system, upholding the rule of law, and protecting individual rights and freedoms.

**Legislature:**
- The legislature, also known as the Parliament, is responsible for making laws. It consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (Lower House) and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House).
- The Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people, while the members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies.
- The Parliament has the power to make and amend laws, approve the budget, and perform other legislative functions.

**Executive:**
- The executive branch of the government is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws made by the legislature.
- The President of India is the head of the executive and is elected by an electoral college comprising the elected members of both houses of Parliament and the State Legislative Assemblies.
- The President appoints the Prime Minister, who is the head of the government, and other ministers who form the Council of Ministers.
- The executive branch is responsible for governance, administration, and the day-to-day functioning of the country.

**Judiciary:**
- The judiciary is an independent branch of the government responsible for interpreting and applying the laws made by the legislature.
- The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country, with the power of judicial review.
- The judiciary ensures the protection of individual rights, resolves disputes, and upholds the principles of justice and equality.

**Checks and Balances:**
- The separation of powers ensures a system of checks and balances among the three branches of government.
- The legislature can check the executive by holding it accountable through various mechanisms such as debates, discussions, and parliamentary committees.
- The executive can check the legislature by using its veto power and recommending the President dissolve the Parliament.
- The judiciary can check both the legislature and the executive by striking down laws that are unconstitutional and ensuring their actions conform to the principles of justice and fairness.

In conclusion, the Indian Constitution embodies the principle of the separation of powers to safeguard the democratic system and protect individual rights. The legislature, executive, and judiciary work in harmony to ensure a system of checks and balances, promoting good governance and upholding the rule of law in India.