Demographic Dividend in India

India is often regarded as a country with a "Demographic Dividend" due to its high population in the age group of 15-64 years. This demographic dividend is an economic advantage that can arise from changes in a population's age structure.

Explanation:

The correct answer is option 'B' - India's high population in the age group of 15-64 years. Here's a detailed explanation of why this is the correct answer:

1. Understanding Demographic Dividend:
Demographic dividend refers to the period when a country's working-age population (15-64 years) is larger than the non-working-age population (below 15 years and above 64 years). It presents a unique opportunity for economic growth and development.

2. India's Age Structure:
India has a significant advantage in terms of its age structure. According to the Census of India 2011, India has a large population in the working-age group (15-64 years). This age group represents the potential workforce that can contribute to the country's economic growth.

3. Economic Potential:
Having a large working-age population provides several economic benefits, including:

- Increased productivity: A larger workforce means more people are available to contribute to economic activities, leading to increased productivity and output.
- Increased savings and investments: With a larger working-age population, there is a potential for increased savings and investments, which can fuel economic growth.
- Higher consumption: A larger working-age population means more consumers, leading to increased demand for goods and services, which can stimulate economic activity.
- Skilled labor force: With a large working-age population, there is a greater potential for the development of a skilled labor force, which is crucial for innovation and competitiveness.

4. Harnessing the Demographic Dividend:
To fully harness the demographic dividend, certain factors need to be addressed:

- Educational opportunities: Ensuring access to quality education and skill development programs to equip the working-age population with the necessary skills and knowledge.
- Employment opportunities: Creating sufficient job opportunities to absorb the growing workforce and prevent unemployment.
- Healthcare and well-being: Providing healthcare facilities and ensuring the well-being of the working-age population to maintain their productivity and quality of life.
- Infrastructure development: Developing adequate infrastructure such as transportation, energy, and communication facilities to support economic activities and job creation.

Conclusion:
India's high population in the age group of 15-64 years positions it favorably for reaping the benefits of the demographic dividend. However, to fully realize this potential, it is essential to address the challenges and invest in human capital, infrastructure, and employment opportunities. By doing so, India can harness the demographic dividend to drive sustainable economic growth and development.