Understanding Allotropes of Carbon
Allotropes are different forms of the same element, where atoms are arranged differently. Carbon has several allotropes, including diamond, graphite, and fullerene. However, benzene is not an allotrope of carbon.
What Are Allotropes of Carbon?
- Diamond:
- Each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral structure.
- This arrangement provides exceptional hardness and high melting points.
- Graphite:
- Carbon atoms are arranged in layers of hexagonal lattices.
- The layers can slide over one another, giving graphite its lubricating properties.
- Fullerene:
- This includes structures like C60 (buckminsterfullerene) where carbon atoms form a spherical shape.
- They exhibit unique chemical properties and are used in various applications.
Why Benzene is Not an Allotrope
- Definition of Benzene:
- Benzene (C6H6) is an organic compound composed of carbon and hydrogen.
- It features a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds among carbon atoms.
- Key Difference:
- Allotropes must consist solely of one element.
- Since benzene contains hydrogen in addition to carbon, it does not qualify as an allotrope.
Conclusion
In summary, diamond, graphite, and fullerene are recognized allotropes of carbon due to their pure carbon composition and distinct structural arrangements. Conversely, benzene's inclusion of hydrogen disqualifies it from being classified as an allotrope, making option 'C' the correct answer.