Consider the following statements with respect to music form Dhrupad ...
Explanation:
The correct answer is option 'A' as only statement 1 is correct.
Explanation in detail:
1. Dhrupad is one of the most ancient styles of Hindustani classical music.
- Dhrupad is indeed one of the most ancient styles of Hindustani classical music. It has its roots in the medieval period and is believed to have originated from the chanting of ancient Vedic hymns.
- The word "Dhrupad" is derived from the Sanskrit words "Dhruva" (meaning fixed or immovable) and "Pada" (meaning verse or poetry). Dhrupad compositions are based on fixed melodic patterns and rhythmic cycles.
- Dhrupad is characterized by its slow and contemplative nature. It focuses on exploring the nuances of the raga (melodic framework) and the use of intricate ornamentation and improvisation.
2. This musical art was in a state of neglect during the Mughal period.
- This statement is incorrect. Dhrupad actually flourished during the Mughal period (16th to 18th centuries) and enjoyed royal patronage.
- The Mughal emperors, such as Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan, were known to be connoisseurs of music and were particularly fond of Dhrupad. They invited renowned Dhrupad musicians to their courts and provided them with various privileges and support.
- It was during this period that Dhrupad evolved and reached its peak. Many prominent Dhrupad gharanas (lineages) were established, and the art form was further developed and refined.
- However, with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the late 18th century, the patronage for Dhrupad diminished, and it faced challenges in sustaining its popularity. Other musical forms like Khayal gained prominence during this period.
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as Dhrupad is indeed one of the most ancient styles of Hindustani classical music. However, statement 2 is incorrect as Dhrupad flourished during the Mughal period and enjoyed considerable patronage.
Consider the following statements with respect to music form Dhrupad ...
A