Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem -a)Forestb)Desertc)Mountaind)OceanCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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UPSC Exam > UPSC Questions > Which of the following is the most stable ec...

Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem -

a)
Forest
b)
Desert
c)
Mountain
d)
Ocean

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Verified Answer

Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem -a)Forestb)Desert...

The structure of an ecosystem refers to its biotic and abiotic factors, and the function of an ecosystem includes energy flow and nutrient cycles.
An ecosystem whose structure and function remain unaltered over a long period of time is considered to be a stable ecosystem.
Oceans are the most stable ecosystem as they are large, deep, and continuous, because of which any change in the structure and function is difficult or can be easily resisted.
Coral reefs are a diverse form of the marine ecosystem, which in total may account for a quarter of all ocean species.
The ratio of fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – has remained stable for periods of tens of millions of years, despite extreme environmental changes caused by climate shifts of the past.

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Passage-1 ‘Desertification’ is a term used to explain a process of decline in the biological productivity of an ecosystem, leading to total loss of productivity. While this phenomenon is often linked to the arid, semi-arid and sub-humid ecosystems, even in the humid tropics, the impact could be most dramatic. Impoverishment of human-impacted terrestrial ecosystems may exhibit itself in a variety of ways : accelerated erosion as in the mountain regions of the country, salinization of land as in the semi-arid and arid ‘green revolution’ areas of the country, e.g., Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, and site quality decline—a common phenomenon due to general decline in tree cover and monotonous monoculture of rice/wheat across the Indian plains. A major consequence of deforestation is that it relates to adverse alterations in the hydrology and related soil and nutrient losses. The consequences of deforestation invariably arise out of site degradation through erosive losses. Tropical Asia, Africa and South America have the highest levels of erosion. The already high rates for the tropics are increasing at an alarming rate (e.g., through the major river systems— Ganga and Brahmaputra, in thecontext), due to deforestation and land management practices subsequent to forest clearing. In the mountain context, the declining moisture retention of the mountain soils, drying up of the ‘underground springs and smaller rivers in the Himalayan could be attributed to drastic changes the forest cover. An indirect consequence is drastic alteration in the uplandlowland interaction, mediated through water. The current concern the tea planter of Assam has is about the damage to tea plantations due to frequent inundation along the flood-plains of Brahmaputra, and the damage to tea plantation and the consequent loss in tea productivity is due to rising level of the river bottom because of siltation and the changing course of the river system. The ultimate consequences of site desertification are soil degradation, alteration in available water’ and its quality, and the consequent decline in food, fodder and fuelwood yields essential for the economic wellbeing of rural communities.=>According to the passage, which of the following are the consequences of decline in forest cover?1. Loss of topsoil2. Loss of smaller rivers3. Adverse effect on production4. Declining of groundwater.Q. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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In these forests, there is no winter, and there are only two seasons (rainy and dry). They have the largest variety of life forms and tree species in all of nature. Trees are 25-35 m tall, with shallow roots and large dark green leaves. Animals in these forests are highly adapted to their diverse environment having developed strong defence mechanisms.Which of the following type of forest ecosystem is being described by the above passage?

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