Understanding the ‘Black-Bill’
The term 'Black-Bill' refers to the Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919 by the British government in India. This act was a significant turning point in the Indian freedom struggle, leading to widespread unrest and opposition.
Key Features of the Rowlatt Act:
- The act allowed the British government to impose martial law in certain areas.
- It permitted the arrest and detention of individuals without trial, effectively curtailing civil liberties.
- The act was introduced to suppress the growing nationalist movement and curb dissent in the wake of World War I.
Public Reaction:
- The Rowlatt Act was met with severe backlash from Indian leaders and the public, who viewed it as draconian and unjust.
- Prominent leaders like Mahatma Gandhi led protests against this legislation, calling for a nationwide strike and non-violent resistance.
- The widespread discontent culminated in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in April 1919, where British troops opened fire on a peaceful gathering, further igniting the freedom struggle.
Significance in Indian History:
- The Rowlatt Act is often seen as a catalyst for the Indian independence movement, uniting various factions against colonial rule.
- It highlighted the oppressive nature of British policies and galvanized public support for the cause of freedom.
In summary, the Rowlatt Act, known as the ‘Black-Bill’, represents a dark chapter in Indian colonial history, marking a pivotal moment that intensified the quest for independence.