Lowest rainfall in West Bengal

The district in West Bengal with the lowest rainfall is Purulia. This district is located in the western part of the state and is known for its arid climate and low precipitation levels. Let's explore the reasons behind Purulia having the lowest rainfall in West Bengal.

1. Geographical Location:
Purulia is situated in the western part of West Bengal, near the Jharkhand border. Its geographical location plays a significant role in its low rainfall. The district is located in the rain shadow area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which obstructs the monsoon winds coming from the Bay of Bengal. As a result, the district receives less rainfall compared to other parts of West Bengal.

2. Topography:
Purulia is characterized by undulating topography with hills and plateaus. The presence of these landforms affects the distribution of rainfall in the district. The hills and plateaus act as barriers, causing the moisture-laden monsoon winds to ascend, cool down, and release most of their moisture before reaching Purulia. Consequently, the district experiences reduced rainfall.

3. Influence of Western Disturbances:
Western disturbances, which are weather systems originating from the Mediterranean region and moving eastwards, can bring rainfall to various parts of India. However, Purulia being located in the westernmost part of West Bengal, experiences minimal influence from these weather systems. As a result, the district receives less precipitation from western disturbances compared to other regions in the state.

4. Rain Shadow Effect:
The Chota Nagpur Plateau, located to the west of Purulia, acts as a barrier and creates a rain shadow effect. This effect occurs when the plateau obstructs the moisture-laden monsoon winds, causing them to rise and release their moisture on the windward side (Jharkhand) of the plateau. Consequently, Purulia, located on the leeward side, receives less rainfall due to this rain shadow effect.

Conclusion:
Purulia district in West Bengal receives the lowest rainfall due to its geographical location in the rain shadow area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, undulating topography, minimal influence from western disturbances, and the rain shadow effect created by the plateau. These factors collectively contribute to the arid climate and low precipitation levels in Purulia.