The Formation of All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)

The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in the year 1920, making option 'B' the correct answer.

Explanation:

1. Background:
- The early 20th century witnessed the emergence of the labor movement in India, driven by the exploitation and hardships faced by workers.
- The oppressive working conditions, low wages, long working hours, and lack of basic rights led workers to organize themselves to demand better working conditions and improve their livelihoods.

2. Formation:
- The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed on 31st October 1920 in Bombay (now Mumbai).
- The formation of AITUC was a significant milestone in the Indian labor movement as it aimed to unite workers across different industries and regions of the country.
- The inaugural session of AITUC was attended by around 101 delegates representing various trade unions and worker organizations.

3. Objectives:
- The primary objective of AITUC was to protect the interests of workers and promote their economic and social welfare.
- AITUC aimed to secure better wages, improved working conditions, shorter working hours, and the right to collective bargaining for workers.
- It also aimed to foster solidarity among workers and promote cooperation and coordination among trade unions.

4. Key Leaders:
- Lala Lajpat Rai, a prominent freedom fighter, played a crucial role in the formation of AITUC and became its first president.
- Other notable leaders involved in the early years of AITUC included Joseph Baptista, N.M. Joshi, V.V. Giri, and others.

5. Activities and Impact:
- AITUC actively organized strikes, demonstrations, and protests to highlight the grievances of workers and push for their rights.
- It played a crucial role in shaping labor legislation in India, including the passage of the Trade Unions Act in 1926.
- AITUC also actively participated in the Indian independence movement and supported various political and social causes.

Conclusion:
The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in the year 1920 with the aim of protecting the rights and welfare of workers. It played a significant role in organizing workers, advocating for their rights, and promoting solidarity among trade unions. AITUC's formation marked an important milestone in the Indian labor movement and its efforts continue to shape the labor landscape in India.