Assertion (A): Several independent branches of psychology have emerged that try to use psychological theories, principles and facts to diagnose and resolve problems related to industrial and organisational settings, education, health etc.

Reason (R): There is seemingly no fundamental difference between research and application of psychology.

Psychology is a diverse field that encompasses various branches, each focusing on different aspects of human behavior and mental processes. These branches of psychology often aim to apply psychological theories, principles, and facts to real-world contexts, such as industrial and organizational settings, education, health, and other areas.

Explanation:

Branches of Applied Psychology:

1. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: This branch of psychology focuses on understanding human behavior within work settings. It aims to improve productivity, employee satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness by applying psychological principles to areas such as employee selection, training, motivation, and organizational development.

2. Educational Psychology: Educational psychology focuses on understanding and improving educational processes and outcomes. It applies psychological theories and research to areas such as learning, teaching methods, educational assessment, and student motivation.

3. Health Psychology: Health psychology examines the psychological factors that influence health and well-being. It applies psychological principles to promote healthy behaviors, prevent illness, and enhance the quality of life for individuals with chronic illnesses.

4. Clinical Psychology: Clinical psychology involves the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health disorders. Clinical psychologists apply psychological theories and interventions to help individuals overcome psychological difficulties and improve their mental well-being.

5. Counseling Psychology: Counseling psychology focuses on helping individuals cope with personal and interpersonal challenges. Counselors apply psychological theories and techniques to assist individuals in resolving issues such as relationship problems, career decisions, and personal growth.

The Relationship between Research and Application:

Research in psychology involves the systematic investigation of human behavior and mental processes. It aims to generate knowledge and understanding of psychological phenomena through the use of scientific methods. The findings from research studies form the basis for developing theories and principles that guide the application of psychology in various contexts.

Application of psychology involves using the knowledge gained from research to address real-world problems and improve human well-being. It involves the practical use of psychological theories, principles, and techniques to diagnose, treat, and prevent psychological and behavioral issues.

While research and application are closely intertwined in psychology, there are some differences between the two:

1. Research focuses on generating knowledge and understanding, while application focuses on using that knowledge to solve practical problems.

2. Research often follows a rigorous scientific method, while application can involve more flexible approaches to address specific real-world challenges.

3. Research is driven by curiosity and the pursuit of knowledge, while application is driven by the need to address practical concerns and improve human outcomes.

In conclusion, psychology has several branches that aim to apply psychological theories, principles, and facts to various real-world contexts. While there are similarities between research and application in psychology, they serve different purposes and involve distinct approaches.