Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and various regional governments. The central government and the regional governments both have their own separate areas of authority, and they work together to govern the country. This system allows for a balance of power between the central government and the regional governments, ensuring that both levels of government have a role in decision-making and governance.

Usually, there are two levels of government:

1. Central Government:
The central government is the highest level of government in a federal system. It is responsible for making and implementing laws that apply to the entire country. The central government is usually located in the capital city and consists of a president or a prime minister, along with a legislative body such as a parliament or congress. The central government has specific powers and responsibilities, such as defense, foreign affairs, and national economic policies.

2. Regional Governments:
Regional governments, also known as state or provincial governments, exist alongside the central government. These governments have their own separate areas of authority and are responsible for governing specific regions or states within the country. Each regional government has its own executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Regional governments have powers and responsibilities that are not specifically assigned to the central government, such as education, healthcare, and transportation.

The relationship between the central government and regional governments in a federal system is characterized by division of powers and interdependence. The central government has the power to make decisions that affect the entire country, while regional governments have the power to make decisions that apply to their specific regions. However, there are certain areas where both levels of government have shared responsibilities and work together to achieve common goals.

In summary, federalism is a system of government where there are usually two levels of government - the central government and regional governments. The central government has specific powers and responsibilities that apply to the entire country, while regional governments have their own separate areas of authority. This system allows for a balance of power and ensures that both levels of government have a role in governing the country.