The Constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court of India to adjudicate disputes between the Centre and the States through Original Jurisdiction.

The Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court refers to cases that are directly brought before it without having been heard by any lower court. In the context of disputes between the Centre (Union Government) and the States, the Supreme Court has been granted the power to adjudicate such matters under Article 131 of the Constitution.

Article 131:
Article 131 of the Constitution of India provides for the Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in relation to disputes between the Centre and the States. It states that the Supreme Court has the exclusive power to adjudicate any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States, if and only if the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Disputes between Centre and States:
In a federal system like India, where powers are divided between the Central Government and the State Governments, conflicts or disputes may arise between them regarding the interpretation of laws, distribution of powers, or any other matter. These disputes can be about the legality or constitutionality of a law, administrative authority, or any other issue that affects the rights and powers of the Centre and the States.

Supreme Court's role:
The Supreme Court, being the highest judicial authority in the country, plays a crucial role in resolving such disputes between the Centre and the States. It ensures the uniformity of interpretation and application of the Constitution across the country. The Supreme Court's Original Jurisdiction allows it to directly hear and decide these disputes, without the need for them to be first heard by lower courts.

Significance of Original Jurisdiction:
The Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Centre-State disputes is essential for maintaining the federal structure of the Indian Constitution. It serves as a check and balance mechanism to prevent any encroachment on the powers of the Centre or the States. It helps in resolving conflicts and ensuring that the principles of federalism are upheld.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Constitution of India grants the Supreme Court the power of Original Jurisdiction to adjudicate disputes between the Centre and the States. This power ensures the maintenance of a harmonious federal structure by resolving conflicts and upholding the principles of federalism.