A typical angiosperm embryo sac at maturity is: (2021)a)7-nucleate an...
Thus, hilum represents the junction between ovule and funicle. Each ovule has one or two protective envelopes called integuments. Integuments encircle the nucellus except at the tip where a small opening called the micropyle is organised. Opposite the micropylar end, is the chalaza, representing the basal part of the ovule.
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A typical angiosperm embryo sac at maturity is: (2021)a)7-nucleate an...
Embryo sac in angiosperms:
- The female gametophyte in angiosperms is called the embryo sac.
- It develops inside the ovule, which is located in the ovary of the flower.
- The embryo sac is formed from a single haploid megaspore that undergoes three rounds of mitotic divisions to produce eight haploid nuclei.
- These nuclei are arranged in a specific way to form the mature embryo sac.
Structure of a typical angiosperm embryo sac:
- At maturity, a typical angiosperm embryo sac is 8-nucleate and 7-celled.
- The eight nuclei are arranged in the following way:
1. Three nuclei at the micropylar end:
- These are located close to the opening of the ovule.
2. Three nuclei at the chalazal end:
- These are located towards the base of the ovule.
3. Two polar nuclei in the center:
- These are located in the center of the embryo sac, between the micropylar and chalazal ends.
- The seven cells are formed by the arrangement of the eight nuclei:
1. The egg cell:
- This is located at the micropylar end.
- It is formed by the fusion of one of the polar nuclei with a sperm cell during double fertilization.
2. Two synergids:
- These are located at the micropylar end.
- They play a role in guiding the pollen tube towards the egg cell.
3. Three antipodal cells:
- These are located at the chalazal end.
- Their function is not well understood.
4. The central cell:
- This is formed by the fusion of the two polar nuclei.
- It contains two polar nuclei and plays a role in the formation of the endosperm after fertilization.
- The mature embryo sac plays a crucial role in the sexual reproduction of angiosperms.
A typical angiosperm embryo sac at maturity is: (2021)a)7-nucleate an...
Embryo sac is the female gametophyte of angiosperms which develops inside the ovule. It is formed by the process of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis.
Structure of Angiosperm Embryo Sac:
- The mature embryo sac has a large central cell with two polar nuclei.
- Three antipodal cells are present at the opposite end of the central cell.
- At the micropylar end, there are two synergids that flank the egg cell.
Maturity of Angiosperm Embryo Sac:
- At maturity, the embryo sac is 8-nucleate and 7-celled.
- The two polar nuclei in the central cell have fused to form a secondary nucleus.
- The egg cell is present at the micropylar end, flanked by two synergids.
- Three antipodal cells are present at the opposite end of the central cell.
- The embryo sac is surrounded by an integument which later forms the seed coat.
Option C is the correct answer because it mentions the correct number of nuclei and cells present in a mature angiosperm embryo sac.
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