Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus?

The correct answer is option 'A' - Ketonuria and Glycosuria.

Explanation:

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to inadequate production or utilization of insulin. It can be diagnosed by various clinical features and laboratory tests, including urine analysis. Specific changes in the urine composition can indicate the presence of diabetes mellitus.

The presence of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus:

Ketonuria:
Ketonuria refers to the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. In a normal state, the body primarily uses glucose as a source of energy. However, in diabetes mellitus, when there is a lack of insulin or insulin resistance, the body is unable to utilize glucose effectively. As a result, the body starts breaking down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketone bodies (such as acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone). These ketone bodies are then excreted in the urine, leading to the presence of ketonuria. Ketonuria is a significant indicator of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

Glycosuria:
Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine. In a normal state, the kidneys reabsorb all the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. However, in diabetes mellitus, when blood sugar levels are elevated and exceed the renal threshold, the capacity of the kidneys to reabsorb glucose is overwhelmed. As a result, glucose spills into the urine, leading to the presence of glycosuria. Glycosuria is a sensitive indicator of diabetes mellitus and can be detected even before blood sugar levels become significantly elevated.

Therefore, the presence of both ketonuria and glycosuria in urine is highly indicative of Diabetes Mellitus. These urine changes reflect the abnormal metabolism of glucose and fat in the body due to insulin deficiency or resistance. It is important to note that the absence of these urine changes does not rule out the possibility of diabetes mellitus, as there are cases of diabetes mellitus without ketonuria or glycosuria.