Introduction to Biofertilisers
Biofertilisers are natural substances containing living microorganisms that enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. They help in nutrient uptake, soil health, and overall plant growth.
Azotobacter chroococcum as a Biofertiliser
Azotobacter chroococcum is a well-known biofertiliser, particularly effective in cotton fields. Here’s why it is beneficial:
Key Benefits:
- Nitrogen Fixation:
Azotobacter chroococcum is a free-living bacterium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize. This is crucial for crops like cotton, which require substantial nitrogen for growth.
- Soil Health Improvement:
It enhances soil structure and fertility by promoting microbial activity. Healthy soil supports robust cotton plants and leads to higher yields.
- Plant Growth Promotion:
Besides nitrogen fixation, this bacterium produces growth-promoting substances such as vitamins and hormones, further aiding in plant development.
- Sustainability:
Utilizing Azotobacter chroococcum reduces the need for chemical fertilizers, promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
Other Options Explained:
- Azolla-Anabaena:
This is a symbiotic association often used in rice paddies rather than cotton fields.
- Streptococcus:
Primarily known for its pathogenic effects in humans and animals, not beneficial in agriculture.
- Azospirillum:
Although it is also a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, it is less effective for cotton compared to Azotobacter chroococcum.
Conclusion
In summary, Azotobacter chroococcum stands out as the ideal biofertiliser for cotton fields due to its nitrogen-fixing capabilities, enhancement of soil health, and promotion of plant growth. Implementing this biofertiliser can lead to sustainable cotton farming practices and improved crop yields.