By the last quarter of the ninteenth century nationalism no longer ret...
Changes in Nationalism by the Late 19th Century
By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, nationalism had undergone significant changes that had transformed its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of the first half of the century. The following are some of the reasons why nationalism was no longer an idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment:
Rise of Nationalist Movements
The rise of nationalist movements in the second half of the nineteenth century was a significant factor that transformed nationalism. Nationalist movements became more assertive and militant in their demands for independence and self-rule. They viewed nationalism as a tool for achieving political power and economic prosperity. This shift led to the emergence of new forms of nationalism that were more aggressive and less liberal-democratic.
Colonialism and Imperialism
The colonialism and imperialism of the European powers in the second half of the nineteenth century also contributed significantly to the transformation of nationalism. Colonialism and imperialism created new forms of inequality and exploitation, which led to the emergence of anti-colonial and anti-imperialist movements. These movements were often nationalist in character and sought to liberate their countries from foreign domination.
Industrialization and Urbanization
The process of industrialization and urbanization that occurred in Europe and North America in the second half of the nineteenth century also transformed nationalism. The growth of industrial capitalism created new forms of social and economic inequality that led to the emergence of working-class movements. These movements were often internationalist in character and sought to unite workers across national boundaries. This shift led to the emergence of new forms of nationalism that were more socialist and internationalist in character.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the changes that occurred in nationalism by the late nineteenth century transformed its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of the first half of the century. The rise of nationalist movements, colonialism and imperialism, and industrialization and urbanization were significant factors that contributed to this transformation. As a result, nationalism became more assertive, militant, and less liberal-democratic in character.