Antilope cervicapra (black buck)

The correct answer is option 'A' - vulnerable.

Explanation:

Black buck, scientifically known as Antilope cervicapra, is a species of antelope native to the Indian subcontinent. It is primarily found in India, but its range also extends to parts of Nepal and Pakistan. The black buck is considered vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Here is a detailed explanation of why it is classified as vulnerable:

1. Population Decline:
- The black buck population has been declining due to various factors, including habitat loss, hunting, and poaching.
- Rapid urbanization, agriculture expansion, and industrial development have led to the destruction and fragmentation of their natural habitats.
- This loss of habitat has resulted in a decline in their population size and distribution.

2. Poaching and Hunting:
- Black bucks have been historically hunted for their meat, skin, and horns.
- Despite legal protection and conservation efforts, illegal hunting and poaching still persist.
- The demand for black buck products, such as meat and trophies, continues to pose a threat to their population.

3. Competition with Livestock:
- The expansion of livestock farming has led to increased competition for grazing areas between black bucks and domesticated animals.
- Overgrazing by livestock can degrade the quality of grasslands, which is the primary habitat of black bucks.
- This competition for resources can have negative impacts on the black buck population.

4. Fragmentation of Populations:
- The fragmentation of habitats due to human activities has resulted in isolated populations of black bucks.
- This isolation reduces genetic diversity and increases the vulnerability of these populations to disease outbreaks and other threats.

Conservation Efforts:
- Various conservation measures have been implemented to protect the black buck population.
- Protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, have been established to conserve their habitats.
- Strict laws and regulations are in place to control hunting and poaching.
- Awareness campaigns and community involvement are also crucial in promoting the conservation of black bucks.

In conclusion, the black buck (Antilope cervicapra) is classified as vulnerable due to the decline in its population caused by habitat loss, hunting, poaching, competition with livestock, and fragmentation of populations. Conservation efforts are essential to ensure the long-term survival of this species.