Species Diversity in Western Ghats vs Eastern Ghats

Species diversity refers to the variety of species present in a particular ecosystem or geographical location. The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats are two mountain ranges in India, with the former being more biodiverse than the latter.

Factors contributing to species diversity:

1. Climate: The Western Ghats are exposed to the southwest monsoon while the Eastern Ghats receive less rainfall, leading to a difference in vegetation and habitat types.

2. Geology: The Western Ghats are composed of ancient rocks, while the Eastern Ghats are made up of younger rocks, leading to differences in soil types and nutrient availability.

3. Altitude: The Western Ghats have higher peaks and plateaus, leading to a greater range of microclimates and habitats.

4. Human activity: The Western Ghats have been more heavily impacted by human activity, leading to habitat fragmentation and loss, but also creating new habitats such as plantations and urban areas.

Comparison of species diversity:

1. Amphibians: Studies have shown that the Western Ghats have a higher number of amphibian species than the Eastern Ghats, with over 180 species recorded in the former and 80 in the latter.

2. Birds: The Western Ghats are home to over 500 bird species, while the Eastern Ghats have around 250.

3. Mammals: The Western Ghats have around 139 mammal species, while the Eastern Ghats have around 100.

4. Plants: The Western Ghats have over 5,000 plant species, while the Eastern Ghats have around 4,000.

Conclusion:

The Western Ghats have a greater species diversity than the Eastern Ghats due to a combination of factors such as climate, geology, altitude, and human activity. Amphibians, birds, mammals, and plants all show a higher number of species in the Western Ghats compared to the Eastern Ghats.