Agrochemicals are chemical substances used in agriculture to improve crop production and control pests and diseases. They are widely used in modern agriculture to increase yields and meet the demand for food production. Agrochemical-based agriculture includes the use of fertilizers and pesticides.

Fertilizers are chemical substances that provide essential nutrients to plants. They are added to the soil to supplement the natural nutrients in the soil and improve crop growth. Fertilizers may be organic or inorganic. Organic fertilizers are derived from animal or plant sources, while inorganic fertilizers are manufactured using chemical processes.

Pesticides are chemical substances that are used to control pests and diseases that can reduce crop yields. Pesticides may be insecticides, herbicides, or fungicides. Insecticides kill insects that feed on crops, herbicides kill weeds that compete with crops for nutrients, and fungicides control fungal diseases that can cause crop damage.

Genetically modified crops (GMOs) are crops that have been modified using genetic engineering techniques to improve their resistance to pests and diseases, increase their yields, and improve their nutritional value. GMOs have been controversial because of concerns about their safety and environmental impact.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process that can be used to control pests and diseases in crops. RNAi involves the use of small RNA molecules to selectively target and silence specific genes in pests and diseases. RNAi has the potential to be a powerful tool for crop protection, but it is still in the early stages of development.

In conclusion, agrochemical-based agriculture includes the use of fertilizers and pesticides to improve crop production and control pests and diseases. While GMOs and RNAi are potential tools for crop protection, they are not yet widely used in agriculture.