Which of the following provisions of the Indian Constitution advocate ...
The four features of the Indian Constitution that give greater power to the central government than the State government are as follows:
Power becomes lawfully centralised during emergency.
Items that generate revenue are under the control of the central government.
Planning Commission that controls and supervise the resources management of the states is appointed by the central government.
The central government can delay the state legislation and can also examine the bills passed by the state legislature and completely veto them.
Articles 33 and 34 have strengthened the powers of the central government by authorising the parliament to protect persons in service of the union.
The state governments cannot take disciplinary action nor can remove any administrative officer appointed by the central government.
Article 356 provides central government with the power to dismiss state government and impose President’s rule.
Which of the following provisions of the Indian Constitution advocate ...
The correct answer is option (d) 1, 2, and 3.
Explanation:
1. The Constitution clearly states that the executive powers of the centre are superior to the executive powers of the States:
- In India, the Constitution provides for a federal system of government where powers are divided between the central government and the state governments. However, the Constitution clearly states that the executive powers of the centre are superior to the executive powers of the states.
- Under Article 73 of the Indian Constitution, the executive powers of the Union extend to matters on which Parliament has the power to make laws. This means that the central government has authority over matters that are listed in the Union List and the Concurrent List, which include important subjects such as defense, foreign affairs, currency, and inter-state trade.
- On the other hand, the state governments have executive powers over matters listed in the State List. However, in case of a conflict between the laws made by the central government and the state governments, the laws made by the centre prevail.
2. Even during normal circumstances, the central government has effective financial powers and responsibilities over the states:
- The Indian Constitution provides for a system of fiscal federalism where the central government has significant financial powers and responsibilities over the states.
- The central government is responsible for collecting and distributing taxes, including both direct and indirect taxes. It also has the authority to impose taxes on certain goods and services through the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
- The central government provides grants-in-aid to the states for various purposes such as infrastructure development, education, and healthcare. It also provides loans to the states in case of financial emergencies.
- The central government can also impose financial controls on the states by issuing guidelines for budgetary management, borrowing, and expenditure.
3. The very existence of a State including its territorial integrity is in the hands of Parliament:
- Under Article 3 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has the power to form new states, alter the boundaries of existing states, or merge two or more states.
- This means that the very existence of a state, including its territorial integrity, is in the hands of Parliament. The central government has the authority to create new states or reorganize existing states based on administrative, linguistic, or other considerations.
- However, the consent of the concerned state(s) is generally taken into consideration before any such action is taken by Parliament.
In conclusion, all three provisions mentioned advocate for a strong central government in India. The executive powers of the centre being superior to the states, the central government's effective financial powers and responsibilities over the states, as well as the authority of Parliament to determine the existence and boundaries of states, all contribute to a system where the central government holds significant authority and control.
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