Blood Pressure and its Impact on Vital Organs
Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as it flows through them. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure represents the force when the heart contracts and pumps blood, while the diastolic pressure represents the force when the heart is at rest between beats.

Understanding the Options
a) 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment: This statement is correct as it falls within the range of hypertension (high blood pressure). The American Heart Association defines hypertension as a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg or higher. Therefore, 130/90 mm Hg is indeed considered high and may require treatment.

b) 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure: This statement is incorrect. While blood pressure varies among individuals, an ideal blood pressure typically falls within the range of 90/60 mm Hg to 120/80 mm Hg. A reading of 100/55 mm Hg is lower than the average range and may indicate low blood pressure (hypotension).

c) 105/50 mm Hg makes one very active: This statement is incorrect. Blood pressure readings do not directly correlate with activity levels. One's blood pressure can vary based on various factors such as physical activity, stress levels, and overall health. While a lower blood pressure reading may be associated with good cardiovascular health, it does not solely determine activity levels.

The Impact of High Blood Pressure on Vital Organs
d) 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like the brain and kidneys: This statement is correct. A blood pressure reading of 190/110 mm Hg is significantly higher than the normal range and falls within the category of hypertensive crisis. Such high blood pressure can lead to severe complications and damage vital organs like the brain and kidneys. High blood pressure puts excessive strain on the blood vessels, leading to their damage and increasing the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure.

Conclusion
In summary, option 'D' is the correct statement regarding blood pressure. A reading of 190/110 mm Hg is dangerously high and can harm vital organs like the brain and kidneys. It is essential to maintain blood pressure within the normal range to prevent complications and promote overall health. Regular monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate medical interventions are crucial in managing blood pressure effectively.