Which of the following is an incorrect match?

a)
Bowman's capsule - Glomerular filtration

b)
DCT - Absorption of glucose

c)
Henle's loop - Concentration of urine

d)
PCT - Absorption of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

a)
Bowman's capsule - Glomerular filtration
b)
DCT - Absorption of glucose
c)
Henle's loop - Concentration of urine
d)
PCT - Absorption of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer

Bowman's capsule - It contain tuft of capillaries (i.e., Glomerulus) and filters out the waste from the blood by the process of Glomerulus filtration. DCT - It helps in selectively reabsorb sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium ions and water. Henle's loop - It helps in concentration of urine. PCT - It helps in the absorption majority of ions like - Na+ and K+.

Answer

The incorrect match is option 'B' - DCT - Absorption of glucose.

Explanation:

The correct functions of the different parts of the nephron are as follows:

1. Bowman's capsule - Glomerular filtration: The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and filters waste products from the blood into the nephron.

2. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - Absorption of Na+ and K+ ions: The PCT reabsorbs most of the nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and ions, from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.

3. Loop of Henle - Concentration of urine: The Loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney, which allows for the reabsorption of water and the concentration of urine.

4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) - Reabsorption of ions and secretion of waste products: The DCT is responsible for the selective reabsorption of ions such as sodium, calcium, and chloride, as well as the secretion of waste products such as urea and creatinine.

Therefore, option 'B' is incorrect because glucose is mainly reabsorbed in the PCT, not the DCT.

Answer

Renal Tubules and their Functions

The renal tubules are the microscopic tubes in the kidney that are responsible for the reabsorption of water and solutes from the filtrate and the secretion of waste products into the urine. Each nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, contains a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule, and it is responsible for filtering blood to form a protein-free fluid called the glomerular filtrate. The renal tubule consists of four distinct regions: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and the collecting duct.

Incorrect Match

Option B is the incorrect match because the DCT is not responsible for the absorption of glucose. Glucose is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus and is then reabsorbed by the PCT via a sodium-dependent glucose transporter. The reabsorption of glucose is an important physiological process because it helps to maintain blood glucose levels and provides energy for the body. The DCT is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and calcium ions, and the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions.

Correct Matches

The correct matches are as follows:

- Bowman's capsule - Glomerular filtration: The Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and filters blood to form the glomerular filtrate.
- Henle's loop - Concentration of urine: The loop of Henle is responsible for creating a concentration gradient in the renal medulla that allows for the reabsorption of water and the concentration of urine.
- PCT - Absorption of Na+ and K+ ions: The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and other ions from the filtrate.

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