The Kherwar or the Sapha Har movement belongs to the 1870s. This movement was a tribal uprising against British rule in the present-day Jharkhand region of India.

Background
The Kherwar or Sapha Har tribe was one of the many tribal groups that inhabited the region that is now known as Jharkhand. The British had taken control of the region by the mid-19th century and had imposed their rule over the local population. The tribals were subjected to various forms of oppression and exploitation, including forced labor, land confiscation, and taxation.

Causes of the Movement
The Kherwar or Sapha Har movement was sparked by the British decision to impose a new tax on the tribals in the region. This tax was known as the sapha har tax, and it required the tribals to pay a fixed sum of money to the British government every year. This tax was seen as a major burden by the tribals, who were already struggling to make ends meet.

The Movement
The Kherwar or Sapha Har movement was led by a tribal leader named Budhwa Mahato. Mahato was a charismatic leader who was able to rally the tribals around the cause of opposing the sapha har tax. The movement quickly spread to other tribal groups in the region, and soon thousands of tribals were involved in the protests.

The tribals used various forms of protest to oppose the sapha har tax. They organized rallies and marches, and they also used violence to intimidate British officials and tax collectors. The British responded by using force to suppress the movement, and many tribals were killed or imprisoned in the process.

Outcome
The Kherwar or Sapha Har movement was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving its goals. The British were able to maintain their control over the region, and the sapha har tax remained in place. However, the movement did succeed in raising awareness about the plight of the tribals in the region, and it inspired other tribal uprisings in the years to come. Today, the Kherwar or Sapha Har movement is remembered as an important chapter in the history of tribal resistance to British rule in India.