Chronological Sequence of Indian Revolts and Mutinies

Introduction: In Indian history, there were several revolts and mutinies against the British rule. This question asks about the correct chronological sequence of four such events: Indigo Revolt, Santhal Rebellion, Deccan Riot, and Mutiny of the Sepoys.

Chronological Sequence:

1. Mutiny of the Sepoys: It was also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Indian Independence. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, in May 1857. It spread to other parts of India and lasted for more than a year. The British eventually suppressed the rebellion and consolidated their rule over India.
2. Santhal Rebellion: It was a tribal uprising in present-day Jharkhand, Bihar, and West Bengal in 1855-56. The Santhal people, who were traditionally forest-dwellers, rebelled against the British colonial administration and the zamindars (landlords) who exploited them. The rebellion was brutally suppressed by the British, but it inspired other tribal uprisings in India.
3. Indigo Revolt: It was a peasant uprising in Bengal in 1859-60. The British planters forced the peasants to cultivate indigo on their lands and sell it to them at low prices. The peasants, led by Digambar Biswas and others, rebelled against this exploitative system and demanded higher wages and the freedom to cultivate other crops. The rebellion was also suppressed by the British.
4. Deccan Riot: It was a series of protests and riots against the British colonial administration in the Deccan region of present-day Maharashtra in 1875-76. The protests were triggered by the British government's decision to introduce a new tax on agricultural land. The riots were led by the Maratha leader Kisan Sabha and other local leaders. The British responded with brutal force and arrested and imprisoned many protesters.

Conclusion: The correct chronological sequence of the four events is 2, 4, 1, 3 – Santhal Rebellion, Deccan Riot, Mutiny of the Sepoys, and Indigo Revolt.