Rahat refers to a waterwheel used for irrigation in the economic history of medieval India.

Waterwheels played a significant role in the agricultural practices of medieval India, particularly during the Sultanate and Mughal periods. These waterwheels, known as "Rahat," were used to harness the power of flowing water to lift water from wells or rivers and distribute it for irrigation purposes.

Here is a detailed explanation of the term Rahat and its significance:

1. Importance of irrigation in medieval India:
- Agriculture was the backbone of the medieval Indian economy, and irrigation played a crucial role in ensuring successful crop cultivation.
- The availability of water was essential for maximizing agricultural productivity and sustaining the growing population.

2. Introduction of waterwheels:
- Waterwheels, including Rahat, were introduced during the medieval period to improve irrigation techniques.
- These waterwheels were primarily made of wood, with buckets or containers attached to their rims.

3. Functioning of Rahat:
- Rahat was typically installed near a water source, such as a river or a well, where it could access a constant flow of water.
- The waterwheel was placed in a vertical position, with its bottom end immersed in water.
- As the waterwheel rotated due to the force of the flowing water, the buckets or containers attached to its rims lifted water from the source.
- The lifted water was then transferred through channels or canals to irrigate agricultural fields.

4. Advantages of Rahat:
- Rahat allowed for a more efficient and consistent supply of water for irrigation compared to manual methods.
- It reduced the labor required for irrigation, enabling farmers to cultivate larger areas of land.
- The consistent water supply facilitated the growth of crops, resulting in increased agricultural productivity.

In conclusion, Rahat refers to the waterwheel used for irrigation in medieval India. These waterwheels played a crucial role in improving agricultural practices by harnessing the power of flowing water to lift and distribute water for irrigation purposes. The introduction of Rahat contributed to increased agricultural productivity and enhanced the overall economy of medieval India.