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Consider the following statements in the context of the rule of Nandas:
1. Alexander invaded North-Western India during their reign.
2. Chandragupta Maurya overthrew Dhanananda to establish Mauryan rule.
3. Pliny, a Roman writer estimated the army of Nanda dynasty.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
  • a)
    1 and 2 only 
  • b)
    3 only 
  • c)
    1 and 3 only 
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following statements in the context of the rule of Nandas...
The Rule of Nandas

The Nanda dynasty was a dynasty that ruled in northern India during the 4th century BCE. They were the first dynasty to unify the Indian subcontinent, and their rule was characterized by a strong central government, a large standing army, and an efficient system of taxation.

Statement 1: Alexander invaded North-Western India during their reign.

This statement is true. The Nanda dynasty was in power when Alexander the Great invaded India in 326 BCE. Alexander's campaign was directed against the Persian Empire, which had been defeated by the Nandas, and he was looking to extend his conquests to the east.

Statement 2: Chandragupta Maurya overthrew Dhanananda to establish Mauryan rule.

This statement is also true. According to traditional accounts, Chandragupta Maurya, a young prince from the kingdom of Magadha, overthrew the last Nanda king, Dhanananda, and established the Mauryan dynasty in 321 BCE. The Mauryan dynasty went on to become one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in Indian history.

Statement 3: Pliny, a Roman writer estimated the army of Nanda dynasty.

This statement is also true. Pliny the Elder, a Roman writer who lived in the 1st century CE, wrote about the Nanda dynasty in his book, Natural History. In it, he estimated that the Nanda army consisted of 200,000 infantry, 80,000 cavalry, and 8,000 war elephants. While these figures may be exaggerated, they do suggest that the Nandas had a large and powerful army.

Conclusion

All three statements are true. The Nanda dynasty was an important dynasty in Indian history, and its rule was characterized by a strong central government, a large standing army, and an efficient system of taxation. The dynasty was eventually overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya, who established the Mauryan dynasty, which went on to become one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in Indian history.
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Consider the following statements in the context of the rule of Nandas...
  1. Nanda dynasty (344 BC-322 BC): This was the first non-Kshatriya dynasty. 
  2. The first ruler was Mahapadma Nanda who usurped the throne of Kalasoka. 
  3. Mahapadma Nanda: 
    • He is called the “first historical emperor of India.” 
    • He murdered Kalasoka to become the king. o His reign lasted for twenty eight years from 367 BC to 338 BC. 
    • He is also called “Sarva Kashtriyantaka” (destroyer of all the kshatriyas) and “Ekrat”. 
    • The empire grew under his reign. It ran from the Kuru country in the north to the Godavari Valley in the south and from Magadha in the east to Narmada in the west.He conquered many kingdoms including Kalinga. 
  4. Dhana Nanda: 
    • He was the last Nanda ruler. 
    • He is referred to as Agrammes or Xandrames in Greek texts. 
    • Alexander invaded North-Western India during his reign; but he could not proceed towards the Gangetic plains because of his army’s refusal.  Hence, statement 1 is correct. 
  5. He inherited a huge empire from his father. According to Pliny, Roman writer, he possessed a standing army of 200,000 infantry, 20,000 cavalry, 3000 elephants and 2000 chariots. He became a powerful ruler because of this. Hence, statement 3 is correct. 
  6. He is said to be one of the 8 or 9 sons of Mahapadma Nanda. 
  7. He became unpopular with his subjects owing to an oppressive way of extorting taxes. Also, his Sudra origins and an anti-kshatriya policy led to a large number of enemies.
  8. Finally he was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya along with Chanakya, which led to the foundations of the Maurya Empire in Magadha. 
  9. Hence, statement 2 is correct. 
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Consider the following statements in the context of the rule of Nandas:1. Alexander invaded North-Western India during their reign.2. Chandragupta Maurya overthrew Dhanananda to establish Mauryan rule.3. Pliny, a Roman writer estimated the army of Nanda dynasty.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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