An X-ray of the lower abdomen shows a shadow in the region of the uret...
Possible Clinical Symptom: Anuria and Haematuria
Anuria refers to the absence of urine production, while haematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. In the context of a suspected ureteric calculus (stone), anuria and haematuria are possible clinical symptoms.
1. **Ureteric Calculus:** A ureteric calculus is a stone that forms in the ureter, the tube connecting the kidneys to the bladder. When a calculus obstructs the ureter, it can lead to various symptoms.
2. **Obstruction and Urine Flow:** The presence of a calculus in the ureter can cause partial or complete obstruction, blocking the normal flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
3. **Increased Pressure:** The obstruction caused by the calculus leads to an increase in pressure within the urinary system, particularly in the kidneys and ureters.
4. **Anuria:** The increased pressure within the urinary system can impede the formation and flow of urine. In severe cases, this can result in anuria, where little or no urine is produced.
5. **Haematuria:** The presence of a ureteric calculus can cause irritation, inflammation, and sometimes injury to the lining of the ureter. This can lead to blood being released into the urine, resulting in haematuria.
6. **Other Possible Symptoms:** In addition to anuria and haematuria, other possible symptoms of a ureteric calculus may include severe flank or abdominal pain, referred pain to the groin or genitals, urinary urgency, frequency, or hesitancy, and possible urinary tract infections.
7. **Clinical Evaluation:** A suspected ureteric calculus is typically assessed using various diagnostic tests, including X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, and urine analysis. An X-ray of the lower abdomen may reveal a shadow in the region of the ureter, indicating the presence of a calculus.
8. **Management:** The management of a ureteric calculus depends on various factors, such as the size, location, and symptoms associated with the stone. Treatment options may include conservative management with pain relief and hydration, medical therapy to facilitate stone passage, or surgical intervention such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or ureteroscopy.
In conclusion, a shadow in the region of the ureter on an X-ray of the lower abdomen, suspected to be a ureteric calculus, can present with symptoms such as anuria and haematuria due to obstruction and increased pressure within the urinary system. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are necessary to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
An X-ray of the lower abdomen shows a shadow in the region of the uret...
Correct option is B