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Consider the following statements about the Indian Councils Act of 1861:
1. It restored the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies.
2. It provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, NorthWestern Provinces, and Punjab.
3. It empowered the councils to discuss financial matters and budgets.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following statements about the Indian Councils Act of 186...
Indian Councils Act of 1861 
  • It initiated the process of decentralization by restoring the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. It, thus, reversed the centralizing tendency that started from the Regulating Act of 1773 and reached its climax under the Charter Act of 1833. This policy of legislative devolution resulted in the grant of almost complete internal autonomy to the provinces in 1937. Hence statement 1 is correct
  • The Act by vesting legislative powers in the Governments of Bombay and Madras and by making provision for the institution of similar legislative councils in other provinces laid the foundations of legislative devolution. 
  • It also provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, North-Western Provinces, and Punjab, which were established in 1862, 1886, and 1897, respectively. Hence statement 2 is correct. 
  • However, the legislative councils established by the Act of 1861 possessed no real powers and had many weaknesses. The councils could not discuss important matters and no financial matters at all without the previous approval of the government. They had no control over the budget. They could not discuss executive action. The final passing of the bill needed the viceroy‘s approval. Even if approved by the viceroy, the secretary of state could disallow legislation. Indians associated as non-officials were members of elite sections only. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
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Consider the following statements about the Indian Councils Act of 1861:1. It restored the legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras Presidencies.2. It provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, NorthWestern Provinces, and Punjab.3. It empowered the councils to discuss financial matters and budgets.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 and 2 onlyb)2 and 3 onlyc)1 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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