In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by bringing the-(2011)1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 only Related: Prelims Questions: Biosphere and Working of Ecosystem?

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In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by bringing the-(2011)1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 only

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In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase the marine productivity by bringing the?1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Q.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by: Bringing the decomposer microorganisms to the surface. By bringing nutrients to the surface. By transporting fish larvae away from the coast Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?

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Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, what are the effects of indiscriminate use of fertilizers?1. Addition of pollutants to the soil and water.2. Destruction decomposer of microorganisms in soil.3. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies.4. Creation of algal blooms.

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Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.The passage refers to the conversion of pollutant to fertilizer. What is pollutant and what is fertilizer in this context?

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Directions for the following 7 (seven) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, why should the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses be restricted?1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically.2. Watercourses do not contain the microorganisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural slurry.3. The discharge may lead to the eutrophication of water bodies.

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In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by bringing the-(2011)1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 only Related: Prelims Questions: Biosphere & Working of Ecosystem? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by bringing the-(2011)1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 only Related: Prelims Questions: Biosphere & Working of Ecosystem? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by bringing the-(2011)1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 only Related: Prelims Questions: Biosphere & Working of Ecosystem?.

Solutions for In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase marine productivity by bringing the-(2011)1. Decomposer microorganisms to the surface.2. Nutrients to the surface.3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 only(c) 2 and 3(d) 3 only Related: Prelims Questions: Biosphere & Working of Ecosystem? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for UPSC. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for UPSC Exam by signing up for free.

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