Arrange the Constitutional Amendment Acts which provided for the above...
- Article 164 provides that the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The total number of ministers, including the chief minister, in the council of ministers in a state, shall not exceed 15 percent of the total strength of the legislative assembly of that state. But, the number of ministers, including the chief minister, in a state shall not be less than 12. This provision was added by the 91st Amendment Act of 2003.
- Article 15 provides that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. The state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens. Further, the 93rd Amendment Act of 2005 provides that the state is empowered to make any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the scheduled castes or the scheduled tribes regarding their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the state, except the minority educational institutions.
- The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies. It made the right to form cooperative societies a fundamental right (Article 19). It included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on the promotion of cooperative societies (Article 43-B).
- Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
Arrange the Constitutional Amendment Acts which provided for the above...
Chronological Order of Constitutional Amendment Acts
To understand the chronological order of the Constitutional Amendment Acts related to the provided provisions, we need to examine each amendment in detail.
1. Restricting the size of the council of ministers (73rd Amendment Act, 1992)
- This amendment states that the size of the council of ministers in a state shall not exceed 15% of the total number of members in the legislative assembly.
2. Amendment of Article 15 for special provisions (93rd Amendment Act, 2005)
- This amendment allows the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes in educational institutions, including aided and non-aided non-minority institutions.
3. Inclusion of the Right to form Cooperative societies (97th Amendment Act, 2011)
- This amendment includes the right to form cooperative societies as a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution, providing citizens the freedom to associate for the purpose of forming cooperative societies.
Correct Order and Explanation
Based on the above information, the correct chronological order is:
- 1 (73rd Amendment, 1992)
- 2 (93rd Amendment, 2005)
- 3 (97th Amendment, 2011)
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D': 1-2-3.
This sequence emphasizes the evolution of constitutional provisions from the early 90s to the early 2010s, focusing on the progressive inclusion of rights and restrictions aimed at enhancing governance and social equity.
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