The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and is restricted to nar...
Introduction:
The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions due to certain requirements and limitations in their growth and reproduction. The correct answer is option 'D', which states that the spread of living pteridophytes is limited due to the need for cool, damp, and shady places for gametophytic growth, as well as the requirement of water for fertilization. Let's delve into the details of each of these factors.
Explanation:
Gametophytic growth needs cool, damp, and shady places:
- The gametophytic phase of pteridophytes is an independent, free-living phase where fertilization occurs.
- The gametophytes of pteridophytes require a suitable environment to grow and reproduce.
- Cool, damp, and shady places provide the necessary conditions for the survival and growth of gametophytes.
- These conditions ensure sufficient moisture and protection from direct sunlight, which can be detrimental to gametophytic growth.
- Therefore, the spread of living pteridophytes is limited to regions that offer such environments, restricting their geographical distribution.
Requirement of water for fertilization:
- Pteridophytes are non-flowering plants, and their reproductive process involves the need for water for fertilization.
- The male gametes (sperm) are flagellated and require water to swim to the female gametes (eggs) for fertilization.
- This water-dependent mode of fertilization restricts the dispersal of pteridophyte species.
- Pteridophytes cannot reproduce in dry environments or areas lacking sufficient water bodies.
- Therefore, the geographical spread of living pteridophytes is limited to regions with abundant water sources, such as near rivers, streams, or damp habitats.
Conclusion:
The limited spread of living pteridophytes is primarily due to the requirement of cool, damp, and shady places for gametophytic growth and the necessity of water for fertilization. These factors restrict their geographical distribution and confine them to specific regions that offer suitable environmental conditions for their survival and reproduction.
The spread of living pteridophytes is limited and is restricted to nar...
The spreading of living pteridophytes is limited and is restricted to narrow geographical region because its gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to grow and also it requires water for fertilization.
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