< b="" />Introduction< />

AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is characterized by a severe weakening of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to various infections and cancers. The immune system plays a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens, and HIV specifically targets and destroys certain immune cells, particularly helper T-cells.

< b="" />Explanation< />

HIV primarily infects and destroys CD4+ T-cells, also known as helper T-cells. These cells are a subset of T-lymphocytes and are essential for coordinating the immune response. They play a central role in activating other immune cells, such as B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells, to fight against infections.

< b="" />Decrease in the number of helper T-cells< />

As HIV replicates within the body, it specifically targets and destroys helper T-cells. This leads to a significant decrease in the number of these cells in the bloodstream and lymphoid tissues. With fewer helper T-cells available, the immune system becomes compromised, as these cells are unable to effectively activate and coordinate the immune response.

< b="" />Impact on immune response< />

The decrease in helper T-cells has a profound impact on the immune response against pathogens. Helper T-cells are responsible for recognizing foreign antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. They bind to these antigens through their T-cell receptors and secrete cytokines, chemical messengers that stimulate other immune cells.

< b="" />Loss of immune regulation< />

Helper T-cells also play a crucial role in immune regulation. They produce cytokines that help regulate the activity of other immune cells, including cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells. Without sufficient helper T-cells, this regulatory function is impaired, leading to dysregulation of the immune response. This dysregulation can result in chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and an inability to effectively clear infections.

< b="" />Conclusion< />

In conclusion, AIDS is characterized by a decrease in the number of helper T-cells. This decrease is due to the specific targeting and destruction of these cells by HIV. The loss of helper T-cells severely compromises the immune response and immune regulation, leading to the characteristic immunodeficiency seen in individuals with AIDS.