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Which one of the following is not correct about the foreign policy of Lord Curzon?
  • a)
    He wanted to establish a British sphere of influence over the Persian Gulf and Seistan.
  • b)
    He sent the Younghusband mission to Tibbet.
  • c)
    He rejected the „realistic and common sense‟ policy for Afghanistan.
  • d)
    He followed a policy of military concentration and tribal conciliation in place of exasperation, towards northwest frontier. 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which one of the following is not correct about the foreign policy of ...
Britain's special interest in the Persian Gulf dates from the seventeenth century when she occupied important stations in the area. British Residents in the gulf acted as arbiters in the quarrels of the chiefs on the Arabian coasts. Although England did not aim at any colonial empire in this area she would not tolerate the territorial interests of any other great power in that area.
  • In the last quarter of the nineteenth century European nations were competing with one another in the race for more and more colonies and 'spheres of influence'. Russia was thrusting southward and looked for a port in the Persian Gulf, France was looking for a coaling station in the area, Germany was working on a plan to extend her Berlin-Bagadad Railway project to the Gulf and even Turkey was keen to re-establish her suzerainty over Kuwait. 
  • France refused to recognise Britain as a sovereign arbiter of all disputes between the Arab, Persian and Turkish chiefs. 
  • England thwarted all attempts of Russia, Germany and Turkey to gain vantage positions in the Gulf. 
  • Curzon's personal visit to the Gulf escorted by a naval flotilla in 1903 demonstrated to the world England's position of importance in the Gulf. 
  • Curzon also thwarted Russian intrigues in the Perso-Afghan dispute about Seistan. On the strength of an old treaty of 1857, whereby both Persia and Afghanistan had agreed to settle their differences through the good offices of the British Government, Curzon despatched in 1902 Sir Henry MacMahon who arbitrated to the satisfaction of both the parties. At the time of Curzon's arrival in India the relations with Tibet had reached the point of deadlock. The Chinese suzerainty over Tibet was ineffective. The Russian influence at Lhasa was increasing and alarmed Curzon. A Russian national, Dorjieff had won the confidence of the Dalai Lama and brought to Tibet Russian arms and ammunition. Curzon who had tried to forestall Russian influence towards the North-West in Afghanistan and Persia could not remain indifferent to the Russian advances in Tibet. 
  • In 1903, with the permission of Home authorities, Curzon sent Colonel Younghusband with a small Gorkha contingent on a special mission to Tibet to "oblige Tibetans to come to an agreement". The Tibetans refused to negotiate and offered non-violent resistance Under Curzon the frontier policy was revised and a new system came into operation. 
  • He followed 'realistic and common sense' policy towards the tribesmen of the north-west frontier. Hence option (c) is the correct answer. 
  • He said: "Let our new frontier policy be called by any name that men choose. Only let it be based not upon obsolete political formulas, but upon up-to-date common sense." 
  • In the light of past experience Curzon hoped "to draft a code of frontier policy which could with consistency, and without violent interruptions, be applied to the whole line of North-Western frontier from the Pamirs to Baluchistan." 
  • Curzon's policy for north-west frontier may be summed up as a policy of 'military concentration as against diffusion, and of tribal conciliation in place of exasperation.
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Passage 2The USA officially ended its 3 year old surge in Afghanistan. The surge was the tactical employment of 30000 additional troops with the purpose of giving the government of Hamid Karzai enough security to build an Afghan National Army and bring the Taliban to the negotiating table.The end of the surge marks the end of the USA willingness to militarily support a liberal and progressive Kabul regime. Nation building, as it were, is no longer part of the international agenda regarding Afghanistan.It is important not to assume that Afghanistan will inevitably become a Taliban playground as the USA withdrawal continues. The USA is likely to keep several thousand Special Forces soldiers and a fleet of drones in Afghanistan for years to come. The Karzai government will receive several billion dollars a year in foreign assistance.The sense is a stalemate. Neither Mr Karzai nor the Taliban can win. But there is also no evidence that Kabul is in a position to constructively bring the insurgents to the negotiating table- one of the unfulfilled goals of the surge. This means that the USA withdrawal is likely to be accompanied by more violence.As the USA disengages, the main external player will increasingly become Pakistan, but Afghanistan today will be a lot harder to control for Rawalpindi than it was in the 1980s- this is the centre of the Afghan dilemma when it comes to India. Pakistan wants security guarantees regarding Afghanistan that would convert Kabul into a vassal State. Indias desire is for a Kabul that is not dominated by Islamists.Bridging the gap between Pakistani paranoia and Indian interests will be crucial to place Afghanistan on an even keel. This will be determined on the battlefield partially vacated by the USA. India is unwilling to be involved through boots on the ground. But there are several ways it should seek to ensure that a USA withdrawal doesnot mean an Afghan terrain that tilts in the direction of the Taliban closest to Pakistan.Q.Consider the following statements:1. The strengthening of the Afghan nation was an objective of the USA.2. Afghanistan is doomed to fight a lone battle with the Taliban.With reference to the above passage, which ofthe following assumptions is/are valid?

Passage 2The USA officially ended its 3 year old surge in Afghanistan. The surge was the tactical employment of 30000 additional troops with the purpose of giving the government of Hamid Karzai enough security to build an Afghan National Army and bring the Taliban to the negotiating table.The end of the surge marks the end of the USA willingness to militarily support a liberal and progressive Kabul regime. Nation building, as it were, is no longer part of the international agenda regarding Afghanistan.It is important not to assume that Afghanistan will inevitably become a Taliban playground as the USA withdrawal continues. The USA is likely to keep several thousand Special Forces soldiers and a fleet of drones in Afghanistan for years to come. The Karzai government will receive several billion dollars a year in foreign assistance.The sense is a stalemate. Neither Mr Karzai nor the Taliban can win. But there is also no evidence that Kabul is in a position to constructively bring the insurgents to the negotiating table- one of the unfulfilled goals of the surge. This means that the USA withdrawal is likely to be accompanied by more violence.As the USA disengages, the main external player will increasingly become Pakistan, but Afghanistan today will be a lot harder to control for Rawalpindi than it was in the 1980s- this is the centre of the Afghan dilemma when it comes to India. Pakistan wants security guarantees regarding Afghanistan that would convert Kabul into a vassal State. Indias desire is for a Kabul that is not dominated by Islamists.Bridging the gap between Pakistani paranoia and Indian interests will be crucial to place Afghanistan on an even keel. This will be determined on the battlefield partially vacated by the USA. India is unwilling to be involved through boots on the ground. But there are several ways it should seek to ensure that a USA withdrawal doesnot mean an Afghan terrain that tilts in the direction of the Taliban closest to Pakistan.Q.What is the difference between the interests of India and Pakistan with reference to Afghanistan?

Passage 2The USA officially ended its 3 year old surge in Afghanistan. The surge was the tactical employment of 30000 additional troops with the purpose of giving the government of Hamid Karzai enough security to build an Afghan National Army and bring the Taliban to the negotiating table.The end of the surge marks the end of the USA willingness to militarily support a liberal and progressive Kabul regime. Nation building, as it were, is no longer part of the international agenda regarding Afghanistan.It is important not to assume that Afghanistan will inevitably become a Taliban playground as the USA withdrawal continues. The USA is likely to keep several thousand Special Forces soldiers and a fleet of drones in Afghanistan for years to come. The Karzai government will receive several billion dollars a year in foreign assistance.The sense is a stalemate. Neither Mr Karzai nor the Taliban can win. But there is also no evidence that Kabul is in a position to constructively bring the insurgents to the negotiating table- one of the unfulfilled goals of the surge. This means that the USA withdrawal is likely to be accompanied by more violence.As the USA disengages, the main external player will increasingly become Pakistan, but Afghanistan today will be a lot harder to control for Rawalpindi than it was in the 1980s- this is the centre of the Afghan dilemma when it comes to India. Pakistan wants security guarantees regarding Afghanistan that would convert Kabul into a vassal State. Indias desire is for a Kabul that is not dominated by Islamists.Bridging the gap between Pakistani paranoia and Indian interests will be crucial to place Afghanistan on an even keel. This will be determined on the battlefield partially vacated by the USA. India is unwilling to be involved through boots on the ground. But there are several ways it should seek to ensure that a USA withdrawal doesnot mean an Afghan terrain that tilts in the direction of the Taliban closest to Pakistan.Q.It can be inferred that the likely outcome of the USA withdrawal will be

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Which one of the following is not correct about the foreign policy of Lord Curzon?a)He wanted to establish a British sphere of influence over the Persian Gulf and Seistan.b)He sent the Younghusband mission to Tibbet.c)He rejected the „realistic and common sense policy for Afghanistan.d)He followed a policy of military concentration and tribal conciliation in place of exasperation, towards northwest frontier.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which one of the following is not correct about the foreign policy of Lord Curzon?a)He wanted to establish a British sphere of influence over the Persian Gulf and Seistan.b)He sent the Younghusband mission to Tibbet.c)He rejected the „realistic and common sense policy for Afghanistan.d)He followed a policy of military concentration and tribal conciliation in place of exasperation, towards northwest frontier.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2025 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Which one of the following is not correct about the foreign policy of Lord Curzon?a)He wanted to establish a British sphere of influence over the Persian Gulf and Seistan.b)He sent the Younghusband mission to Tibbet.c)He rejected the „realistic and common sense policy for Afghanistan.d)He followed a policy of military concentration and tribal conciliation in place of exasperation, towards northwest frontier.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which one of the following is not correct about the foreign policy of Lord Curzon?a)He wanted to establish a British sphere of influence over the Persian Gulf and Seistan.b)He sent the Younghusband mission to Tibbet.c)He rejected the „realistic and common sense policy for Afghanistan.d)He followed a policy of military concentration and tribal conciliation in place of exasperation, towards northwest frontier.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
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