Allergy and Mast Cells

Allergy is an exaggerated immune response to harmless substances called allergens. These allergens can be anything from pollen to certain foods, medications, or animal dander. During an allergic response, mast cells play an active role in the inflammatory process.

Mast Cells

Mast cells are a type of white blood cell that resides in connective tissues throughout the body, particularly in areas that are exposed to the external environment such as the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. They are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Role of Mast Cells in Allergy

When an allergen enters the body of an allergic individual, it triggers an immune response. In the case of allergies, the immune system reacts to the allergen as if it were harmful. Mast cells have specific receptors on their surface that recognize and bind to allergens.

Release of Mediators

Upon allergen binding, mast cells release a variety of chemical mediators, including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. These mediators are responsible for the symptoms of allergies such as itching, redness, swelling, and increased mucus production.

Effects on Surrounding Tissues

Histamine, one of the primary mediators released by mast cells, causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable. This leads to increased blood flow to the affected area and the leakage of fluid and immune cells into the surrounding tissues. The resulting inflammation contributes to the characteristic symptoms of allergies.

Recruitment of Other Immune Cells

Mast cells also play a role in recruiting other immune cells to the site of the allergic reaction. They release chemotactic factors that attract eosinophils, basophils, and T-cells to the area. These immune cells further contribute to the inflammatory response.

Conclusion

In summary, mast cells actively participate during allergies by recognizing and binding to allergens, releasing chemical mediators that cause inflammation and allergic symptoms, and recruiting other immune cells to the site of the allergic reaction. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 'C' - Mast cells.