Formation of the French colony in Indo-China: French troops landed in Vietnam in 1858 and by the mid-1880s they had established a firm grip over the northern region. After the Franco-Chinese war the French assumed control of Tonkin and Anaam and, in 1887, French Indo-China was formed. 
 
  Effects of colonisation:

1》Conflictions: The colonisation of Vietnam by the French brought the people of the country into conflict with the colonisers in all areas of life.

2》 Areas affected: The most affected areas under the French control were;
i》Military power
ii》Economic domination.
iii》Education sector
iv》Religious sector

3》Redefining the culture: The French built a system that tried to reshape the very culture of the Vietnamese. The pre-colonised era and the post-colonised era witnessed a remarkable change in Vietnamese society.

4》Rise of nationalism: The whole of the Vietnam rose against the French. Nationalism in Vietnam emerged through the efforts of different sections of society to fight against the French and all they represented

French Colonialism in Indo-China

French colonization in Indo-China began in the 19th century and lasted for almost a century until the mid-20th century. It was a period of exploitation and subjugation of the local population by the French empire. Here are some details about French colonialism in Indo-China.

Background
Indo-China was a region comprising modern-day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The French empire began its colonization of the region in the mid-19th century, starting with Vietnam in 1858. The colonization was motivated by economic and strategic interests, including the exploitation of natural resources and the establishment of trade routes.

Economic Exploitation
The French colonial rulers in Indo-China focused on exploiting the region's natural resources, including rice, rubber, and minerals. They imposed high taxes on the local population, leading to widespread poverty and economic hardship. The French also established plantations and mines, employing local people as cheap labor.

Social and Political Control
The French colonial rulers imposed their social and political control over the local population by suppressing any form of resistance or dissent. They established a system of forced labor and conscription, forcing the local population to work on plantations, mines, and infrastructure projects. The French also imposed their language, culture, and religion on the local population, marginalizing the local cultures and traditions.

Resistance and Independence Movements
The French colonization of Indo-China was not without resistance. The local population, led by nationalists and independence movements, fought against the French colonial rulers. The most significant resistance was in Vietnam, where the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, waged a long and bloody struggle for independence. The resistance movements eventually succeeded, and Indo-China gained independence from France in the mid-20th century.

Conclusion
French colonialism in Indo-China was a period of exploitation, subjugation, and resistance. The French empire exploited the region's natural resources, imposed their social and political control, and marginalized the local cultures and traditions. The local population resisted and fought for independence, leading to the eventual downfall of French colonial rule.