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Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?
1. It aims to promote cooperation and responsibility sharing measures amongst different countries dealing with trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides.
2. Prior Informed Consent is the main feature of the convention and is not legally binding on the party members.
3. India is not a member of the Rotterdam Convention.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    3 only
  • b)
    1 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?...
Overview of the Rotterdam Convention 1998
The Rotterdam Convention, established in 1998, is a significant international treaty aimed at promoting responsible trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides among countries.

Key Statements Analysis

1. Promotion of Cooperation and Responsibility Sharing
- The convention indeed aims to foster cooperation and shared responsibility among countries dealing with hazardous chemicals and pesticides. This statement is **correct**.

2. Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Feature
- The PIC procedure is a fundamental aspect of the convention, requiring that countries be informed about the characteristics and risks of hazardous chemicals before they are imported. However, it is important to note that while the PIC is a critical feature, it is **not legally binding** on the parties. This statement is **correct**.

3. Membership Status of India
- Contrary to the statement, India is actually a member of the Rotterdam Convention. Therefore, this statement is **incorrect**.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- **Correct Statements**: 1 and 2
- **Incorrect Statement**: 3
Thus, the correct answer is option **B** (1 only). This emphasizes the importance of understanding the specific roles and commitments outlined in international treaties such as the Rotterdam Convention, especially for countries involved in hazardous chemical trade.
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Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?...
  • The Rotterdam convention 1998 aims to promote cooperation and responsibility sharing measures amongst different countries dealing with trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • PIC, Prior Informed Consent is the main feature of the convention and is legally binding on the party members. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
  • PIC facilitates information exchange about nature and trade-related information amongst the party members.
  • The Convention creates obligations for the implementation of the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure.
  • India is a member of the Rotterdam Convention. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
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Passage IIChemical pesticides lose their role in sustainable agriculture if the pests evolve resistance. The evolution of the pesticide resistance is simply natural selection in action. It is almost certain to occur when vast numbers of a genetically variable population are killed. One or a few individuals may be unusually resistant (perhaps because they possess an enzyme that can detoxify the pesticid e). If the pesticide is applied repeatedly, each successive generation of the pest will contain a larger proportion of resistant individuals. Pests typically have a high intrinsic rate of reproduction, and so a few individuals in one generation may give rise to hundreds or thousands in the next, and resistance spreads very rapidly in a population.This problem was often ignored in the past, even though the first case of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) resistance was reported as early as 1946. There is an exponential increase in the numbers of invertebrates that have evolved resistance and in the number pesticides against which resistance has evolved. Resistance has been recorded in every family of arthropod pests (including dipterans such as mosquitoes and house flies, as well as beetles, moths, wasps, fleas, lice and mites) as well as in weeds and plant pathogens. Take the Alabama leaf worm, a moth pest of cotton, as an example. It has developed resistance in one or more regions of the world to aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, lindane and toxaphene.If chemical pesticides brought nothing but problems, - if their use was intrinsically and acutely unsustainable then they would already have fallen out of widespread use. This has not happened. Instead, their rate of production has increased rapidly. The ratio of cost to benefit for the individual agricultural producer has remained in favour of pesticide use. In the USA, insecticides have been estimated to benefit the agricultural products to the tune of around $5 for every $1 spent.Moreover, in many poorer countries, the prospect of imminent mass starvation, or of an epidemic disease, are so frightening that the social and health costs of using pesticides have to be ignored. In general the use of pesticides is justified by objective measures such as lives saved, economic efficiency of food production and total food produced. In these very fundamental senses, their use may be described as sustainable. In practice, sustainability depends on continually developing new pesticides that keep at least one step ahead of the pests pesticides that are less persistent, biodegradable and more accurately targeted at the pests.Q. With reference to the passage, consider the following statements:1. Use of chemical pesticides has become imperative in all the poor countries of the world.2. Chemical pesticides should not have any role in sustainable agriculture3. One pest can develop resistance to many pesticidesWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?

Passage IIChemical pesticides lose their role in sustainable agriculture if the pests evolve resistance. The evolution of the pesticide resistance is simply natural selection in action. It is almost certain to occur when vast numbers of a genetically variable population are killed. One or a few individuals may be unusually resistant (perhaps because they possess an enzyme that can detoxify the pesticid e). If the pesticide is applied repeatedly, each successive generation of the pest will contain a larger proportion of resistant individuals. Pests typically have a high intrinsic rate of reproduction, and so a few individuals in one generation may give rise to hundreds or thousands in the next, and resistance spreads very rapidly in a population.This problem was often ignored in the past, even though the first case of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) resistance was reported as early as 1946. There is an exponential increase in the numbers of invertebrates that have evolved resistance and in the number pesticides against which resistance has evolved. Resistance has been recorded in every family of arthropod pests (including dipterans such as mosquitoes and house flies, as well as beetles, moths, wasps, fleas, lice and mites) as well as in weeds and plant pathogens. Take the Alabama leaf worm, a moth pest of cotton, as an example. It has developed resistance in one or more regions of the world to aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, lindane and toxaphene.If chemical pesticides brought nothing but problems, - if their use was intrinsically and acutely unsustainable then they would already have fallen out of widespread use. This has not happened. Instead, their rate of production has increased rapidly. The ratio of cost to benefit for the individual agricultural producer has remained in favour of pesticide use. In the USA, insecticides have been estimated to benefit the agricultural products to the tune of around $5 for every $1 spent.Moreover, in many poorer countries, the prospect of imminent mass starvation, or of an epidemic disease, are so frightening that the social and health costs of using pesticides have to be ignored. In general the use of pesticides is justified by objective measures such as lives saved, economic efficiency of food production and total food produced. In these very fundamental senses, their use may be described as sustainable. In practice, sustainability depends on continually developing new pesticides that keep at least one step ahead of the pests pesticides that are less persistent, biodegradable and more accurately targeted at the pests.Q. Why is the use of chemical pesticides generally justified by giving the examples of poor and developing countries?1. Developed countries can afford to do away with use of pesticides by adapting to organic farming, but it is imperative for poor and developing countries to use chemical pesticides.2. In poor and developing countries, the pesticide addresses the problem of epidemic diseases of crops and eases the food problem.3. The social and health costs of pesticide use are generally ignored in poor and developing countries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Many farmers use synthetic pesticides to kill infesting insects. The consumption of pesticides in some of the developed countries is touching 3000 grams/hectare. Unfortunately, there are reports that these compounds possess inherent toxicities that endanger, the health of the farm operators, consumers and the environment. Synthetic pesticides are generally persistent in environment. Entering in food chain they destroy the microbial diversity and cause ecological imbalance. Their indiscriminate use has resulted in development of resistance among insects to insecticides, upsetting of balance in nature and resurgence of treated populations. Natural pest control using the botanical pesticides is safer to the user and the environment because they break down into harmless compounds within hours or days in the presence of sunlight. Plants with pesticidal properties have been in nature for millions of years without any ill or adverse effects on the ecosystem. They are easily decomposed by many microbes common in most soil. They help in the maintenance of biological diversity, of predators and the reduction of environmental contamination and human health hazards. Botanical pesticides formulated from plants are biodegradable and their use in crop protection is a practical sustainable alternative.Q.Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding bio pesticides?1. They are not hazardous to human health.2. They are persistent in environment.3. They are essential to maintain the biodiversity of any ecosystem.Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?1. It aims to promote cooperation and responsibility sharing measures amongst different countries dealing with trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides.2. Prior Informed Consent is the main feature of the convention and is not legally binding on the party members.3. India is not a member of the Rotterdam Convention.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)3 onlyb)1 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?1. It aims to promote cooperation and responsibility sharing measures amongst different countries dealing with trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides.2. Prior Informed Consent is the main feature of the convention and is not legally binding on the party members.3. India is not a member of the Rotterdam Convention.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)3 onlyb)1 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?1. It aims to promote cooperation and responsibility sharing measures amongst different countries dealing with trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides.2. Prior Informed Consent is the main feature of the convention and is not legally binding on the party members.3. India is not a member of the Rotterdam Convention.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)3 onlyb)1 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Consider the following statements about the Rotterdam convention 1998?1. It aims to promote cooperation and responsibility sharing measures amongst different countries dealing with trade in hazardous chemicals and pesticides.2. Prior Informed Consent is the main feature of the convention and is not legally binding on the party members.3. India is not a member of the Rotterdam Convention.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)3 onlyb)1 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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