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Consider the following use of the term ‘Sarvodaya’ in India.
1. It was associated with the translation of John Ruskin’s tract on political economy, Unto This Last, by Gandhi.
2. It was the name for a social movement in post-independence India.
3. It was used as a name to call the tirtha of Mahavira.
Select the correct answer using the codes below,
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following use of the term ‘Sarvodaya’ in India. 1. It wa...
  • It is a Sanskrit term meaning ‘universal uplift’ or ‘progress of all’. Mahatma Gandhi used the term as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin’s tract on political economy, Unto This Last, and Gandhi came to use the term for the ideal of his own political philosophy.
  • Later Gandhians, like the Indian non-violence activist Vinoba Bhave, embraced the term as a name for the social movement in post-independence India which strove to ensure that self- determination and equality reached all strata of Indian society.
  • Samantabhadra, an illustrious Digambara monk, as early as 2nd century A.D., called the tirtha of Mahavira (24th Tirthankara) by the name Sarvodaya.
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Consider the following use of the term ‘Sarvodaya’ in India. 1. It wa...
Sarvodaya in India

Introduction
Sarvodaya is a term that originated in India, which has been used in various contexts over time. This question asks about the different uses of the term and which ones are correct.

Explanation
The correct answer is option C, which states that Sarvodaya was used as a name to call the tirtha of Mahavira. Let us look at each of the options in more detail:

1. Sarvodaya was associated with the translation of John Ruskin’s tract on political economy, Unto This Last, by Gandhi.

This statement is partially correct. Gandhi did translate Unto This Last into Gujarati and it had a significant impact on his thinking. However, the term Sarvodaya was not associated with this translation. Instead, Gandhi used the term to describe his vision of a society based on non-violence, equality, and self-reliance.

2. Sarvodaya was the name for a social movement in post-independence India.

This statement is also partially correct. Sarvodaya was indeed the name of a social movement that emerged in post-independence India, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s. The movement was inspired by Gandhi's ideas and aimed to promote rural development, social justice, and self-reliance. However, this is not the only use of the term.

3. Sarvodaya was used as a name to call the tirtha of Mahavira.

This statement is correct. Sarvodaya is a Sanskrit term that means "the welfare of all." It was used to refer to the tirtha or pilgrimage site associated with Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. The site is located in the state of Bihar in India and is considered sacred by Jains.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct answer is option C, which states that Sarvodaya was used as a name to call the tirtha of Mahavira. While options 1 and 2 are partially correct, they do not provide a complete answer to the question. It is important to understand the different uses of the term Sarvodaya in order to appreciate its significance in Indian history and culture.
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Direction: Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to the item should be based on the passage only.Politics for Gandhiji, was but a part of man’s life, one that encircles men like the coil of a snake from which one cannot get out, no matter how much one tries. Though he thought that an increase in the power of the state can inflict the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality which lays at the root of the progress, yet he viewed political power as a means that enabled people to make their conditions better in every department of life. He wrote, “my work of social reform was no way less or subordinate to political work. The fact is, that whenI saw that to a certain extent my social work would be impossible without the help of political work, I took to the latter and only to the extent it served the former”. Political life is not stranger to other aspects of life. He used to say, “My life is one indivisible whole, and all my activities run into one another, and they all have their rise in my insatiable love of mankind”. Political activity of man is closely associated with other activities of man and all these activities, according to Gandhiji, influence each other. That is why he never separated politics from from other walks of man’s life. What he hated in politics was the concentration of power and the use of violence associated with political power. In his own words,” The state represents violence in a concentrated and organized form. The individual has a soul, but the state is soulless machine, it can never be weaned from violence to which it owes its very existence. What I would personally prefer, would be not a centralization of power in the hands of the State but an extension of the sense of trusteeship ….” Politics and for that matter the state, according to him was not an end, but a means that enabled men to make their lives better. An ideal state or political life is one in which men rule themselves. For Gandhiji there is no political power in the ideal state because in it there is no state. But as the ideal was not fully realized in life, Gandhiji contented himself with Thoureau’s classical statement- that government was best which governed the least. From the above passage Gandhiji would agree with which of the following statements:I. State owes its existence to violence.II. State represents violence in full form.III. State is not an end but a means to make people’s life better.IV. State should have centralized power to ensure good governance.Select the correct answer using the code given below

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to the item should be based on the passage only.Politics for Gandhiji, was but a part of man’s life, one that encircles men like the coil of a snake from which one cannot get out, no matter how much one tries. Though he thought that an increase in the power of the state can inflict the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality which lays at the root of the progress, yet he viewed political power as a means that enabled people to make their conditions better in every department of life. He wrote, “my work of social reform was no way less or subordinate to political work. The fact is, that whenI saw that to a certain extent my social work would be impossible without the help of political work, I took to the latter and only to the extent it served the former”. Political life is not stranger to other aspects of life. He used to say, “My life is one indivisible whole, and all my activities run into one another, and they all have their rise in my insatiable love of mankind”. Political activity of man is closely associated with other activities of man and all these activities, according to Gandhiji, influence each other. That is why he never separated politics from from other walks of man’s life. What he hated in politics was the concentration of power and the use of violence associated with political power. In his own words,” The state represents violence in a concentrated and organized form. The individual has a soul, but the state is soulless machine, it can never be weaned from violence to which it owes its very existence. What I would personally prefer, would be not a centralization of power in the hands of the State but an extension of the sense of trusteeship ….” Politics and for that matter the state, according to him was not an end, but a means that enabled men to make their lives better. An ideal state or political life is one in which men rule themselves. For Gandhiji there is no political power in the ideal state because in it there is no state. But as the ideal was not fully realized in life, Gandhiji contented himself with Thoureau’s classical statement- that government was best which governed the least. From the above passage the following assumptions have been made: I. More the power to the State more the progress of individuals.II. Without State individuals can live better.Which of the above assumptions are / is valid

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to the item should be based on the passage only.Politics for Gandhiji, was but a part of man’s life, one that encircles men like the coil of a snake from which one cannot get out, no matter how much one tries. Though he thought that an increase in the power of the state can inflict the greatest harm to mankind by destroying individuality which lays at the root of the progress, yet he viewed political power as a means that enabled people to make their conditions better in every department of life. He wrote, “my work of social reform was no way less or subordinate to political work. The fact is, that whenI saw that to a certain extent my social work would be impossible without the help of political work, I took to the latter and only to the extent it served the former”. Political life is not stranger to other aspects of life. He used to say, “My life is one indivisible whole, and all my activities run into one another, and they all have their rise in my insatiable love of mankind”. Political activity of man is closely associated with other activities of man and all these activities, according to Gandhiji, influence each other. That is why he never separated politics from from other walks of man’s life. What he hated in politics was the concentration of power and the use of violence associated with political power. In his own words,” The state represents violence in a concentrated and organized form. The individual has a soul, but the state is soulless machine, it can never be weaned from violence to which it owes its very existence. What I would personally prefer, would be not a centralization of power in the hands of the State but an extension of the sense of trusteeship ….” Politics and for that matter the state, according to him was not an end, but a means that enabled men to make their lives better. An ideal state or political life is one in which men rule themselves. For Gandhiji there is no political power in the ideal state because in it there is no state. But as the ideal was not fully realized in life, Gandhiji contented himself with Thoureau’s classical statement- that government was best which governed the least. Q. Gandhiji contented himself with Thoreau’s classical statement because

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Consider the following use of the term ‘Sarvodaya’ in India. 1. It was associated with the translation of John Ruskin’s tract on political economy, Unto This Last, by Gandhi.2. It was the name for a social movement in post-independence India.3. It was used as a name to call the tirtha of Mahavira.Select the correct answer using the codes below, a) 1 and 2 onlyb) 2 and 3 onlyc) 3 onlyd) 1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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