• Shift from traditional industries to modern industries: The first decade of the 20th century witnessed a shift from traditional industries to modern industries in India. This was due to the introduction of modern technology and machinery.



• Spread of railways: The spread of railways in India played a crucial role in the pattern of industrialization. It led to the development of new industries, as raw materials and finished goods could be transported easily across the country.



• Entry of foreign capital: The entry of foreign capital in India also affected the pattern of industrialization. Many British companies set up their factories in India, which led to the growth of industries such as jute, cotton, and iron and steel.



• Emergence of Indian entrepreneurs: The first decade of the 20th century also witnessed the emergence of Indian entrepreneurs who set up their own industries. This led to the growth of industries such as textiles, sugar, and paper.



• Growth of the Indian middle class: The growth of the Indian middle class also played a crucial role in the pattern of industrialization. They provided the necessary demand for goods and services, which led to the growth of industries such as consumer goods, banking, and insurance.



• Government policies: The government policies also affected the pattern of industrialization. The government introduced various measures such as the Indian Factories Act, 1881, which laid down rules for the safety and health of workers in factories. The government also provided incentives for the growth of industries in India.

Overall, the pattern of industrialization in India by the first decade of the 20th century was marked by a shift from traditional industries to modern industries, the spread of railways, the entry of foreign capital, emergence of Indian entrepreneurs, growth of the Indian middle class, and government policies. These factors played a crucial role in the growth of industries in India during this period.

The pattern of industrialization changed in the 20th century due to various reasons. They are:The growth of Nationalism in the first decade of the 20th century resulted in Indians shifting towards Swadeshi goods and boycotting foreign goods especially cloth. Industrialists lobbied and pressurised the government to safegaurd their interests through concessions and tariff protection.Indian yarn exports to China decreased Chinese shift from Indian yarn to Chinese and Japanese yarn. So, Indian industries shifted from yarn production to piece-cloth production.The World Wars increased the number of Indian industries. During the wars, the mills and factories in Britain were busy producing for the war and inports into India decreased. So, Indian industries were now left to supply to the Indian markets. New industries were established.With the Second World War and the prolonged war, Indian industries also started supplying for the war. For instance, uniforms, bags, leather goods were produced. Industrial production boomed during the Wars.After the World Wars, Britain could not compete with the emerging economies like the USA and Japan. With the collapse of the British economy, Indian exports to Britain also fell. The newly established Indian industries now had to look for newer domestic and international markets and consolidate their position.