**Nationalism in India**

Nationalism in India refers to the political movements and ideologies that aimed to attain independence and self-rule for India from British colonial rule. It was a significant aspect of the Indian independence movement.

**Causes of Nationalism in India**

1. British Colonial Rule: The exploitative and oppressive policies of the British Raj in India led to the growth of nationalist sentiments among the Indian population. The economic exploitation, cultural suppression, and racial discrimination fueled the desire for self-governance.

2. Impact of World Wars: The participation of Indian soldiers in World War I and II exposed them to ideas of freedom, democracy, and nationalism, which inspired them to fight for their own country's independence.

3. Influence of Western Political Ideas: The ideas of democracy, equality, and freedom propagated by Western thinkers like John Locke, Thomas Paine, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau deeply influenced Indian intellectuals and leaders, leading to the rise of nationalism.

4. Socio-Religious Movements: The socio-religious movements such as the Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, and Aligarh Movement played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and fostering a sense of unity and nationalism among Indians.

**Role of Leaders in Nationalism**

1. Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence (Satyagraha) and civil disobedience played a pivotal role in the nationalist movement. His leadership and mass mobilization techniques helped in uniting people across different regions and social classes.

2. Jawaharlal Nehru: Nehru was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress and played a vital role in shaping the idea of a modern and democratic India. He emphasized the importance of secularism and social justice in the nationalist movement.

3. Subhash Chandra Bose: Bose was a fierce nationalist who believed in armed struggle against the British. He formed the Indian National Army (INA) and sought support from Japan and Germany during World War II to fight for India's independence.

**Methods of Resistance**

1. Non-Cooperation Movement: Initiated by Mahatma Gandhi, this movement urged Indians to boycott British institutions, schools, and goods to exert economic and political pressure on the colonial rulers.

2. Civil Disobedience Movement: This movement involved the violation of laws and regulations imposed by the British government, including salt marches, picketing of shops selling foreign goods, and non-payment of taxes.

3. Quit India Movement: Launched in 1942, this movement demanded an immediate end to British rule in India. It witnessed massive participation and widespread protests, leading to the arrest of numerous leaders.

**Conclusion**

Nationalism in India played a crucial role in the struggle for independence. The unity and determination of Indian leaders and the masses, along with various methods of resistance, ultimately led to the achievement of independence in 1947. The nationalist movement in India serves as a significant milestone in the history of the country, highlighting the power of collective action and the fight against oppression.