Laterite Soil
In the given question, the soil formed by intense leaching is identified as laterite soil. Let's understand why this is the correct answer.

Formation
- Laterite soil is formed by the intense leaching of soils in areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall.
- Leaching is the process by which water removes soluble nutrients from the soil, leaving behind insoluble materials.
- The intense leaching in these regions results in the removal of most of the nutrients and minerals from the soil, leading to the formation of laterite soil.

Characteristics
- Laterite soil is typically rich in iron and aluminium oxides, giving it a reddish color.
- It is poor in fertility due to the leaching process that removes essential nutrients.
- The soil is hard when dry and can become sticky and slippery when wet.
- Laterite soil is not suitable for agriculture without proper fertilization and irrigation due to its poor nutrient content.

Occurrence
- Laterite soil is commonly found in tropical regions with high temperatures and heavy rainfall, such as parts of India, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia.
- It is often found in hilly areas where the leaching process is more intense due to the steep slopes and high rainfall.

Conclusion
In conclusion, laterite soil is formed by intense leaching in areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall. Its characteristics include poor fertility, high iron and aluminium content, and a reddish color. This type of soil is not suitable for agriculture without proper management due to its nutrient deficiency.