The period between 2 million years ago and 12000 years ago is known as the Pleistocene Epoch. This epoch is characterized by multiple ice ages, which had a significant impact on the Earth's climate, geography, and evolution of species.

- The Pleistocene Epoch

During the Pleistocene Epoch, large ice sheets covered much of the Earth's surface, leading to lower global temperatures and sea levels. This period is often referred to as the "Ice Age" due to the extensive glaciation that occurred.

- Climate and Geography

The fluctuating climate during the Pleistocene resulted in the expansion and retreat of ice sheets, creating vast ice fields and shaping the Earth's landscape. Glaciers carved out valleys, lakes, and fjords, while sea levels dropped, exposing land bridges that connected continents.

- Evolution of Species

The changing climate and geography of the Pleistocene had a profound impact on the evolution of species. Many animals adapted to the cold temperatures by growing thicker fur or developing larger body sizes. Additionally, the shifting ice sheets forced species to migrate to new habitats, leading to the development of new adaptations and behaviors.

- Human Evolution

The Pleistocene Epoch is also significant for human evolution. Early human ancestors, such as Homo habilis and Homo erectus, emerged during this time period and adapted to the changing environment. The development of tools, language, and social structures allowed humans to thrive in diverse habitats.

In conclusion, the Pleistocene Epoch was a dynamic period in Earth's history, characterized by dramatic climate changes, geological shifts, and the evolution of species, including early humans. This epoch laid the foundation for the diverse ecosystems and life forms that exist today.