Option D is correct, Propane with the molecular formula C3H8 has 10 covalent bonds. The molecule consists of three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms, which are all covalently bonded together. Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds, and each hydrogen atom forms one covalent bond. Therefore, the total number of covalent bonds in the propane molecule is 3 * 4 + 8 = 10.

To determine the number of covalent bonds in propane (C3H8), we need to consider the valence electrons of each atom and how they form bonds.
1. Determine the number of valence electrons:
- Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons.
- Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron.
2. Calculate the total number of valence electrons in propane:
- Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons x 3 atoms = 12 valence electrons.
- Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron x 8 atoms = 8 valence electrons.
3. Determine the octet rule for each atom:
- Carbon (C) wants to gain 4 electrons to achieve a stable octet.
- Hydrogen (H) wants to gain 1 electron to achieve a stable duet.
4. Form covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms:
- Carbon can share its 4 valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms to form four covalent bonds.
- Hydrogen can share its 1 valence electron with one carbon atom to form one covalent bond.
5. Calculate the total number of covalent bonds in propane:
- Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds.
- Hydrogen forms 8 covalent bonds.
Therefore, propane (C3H8) has a total of 4 + 8 = 12 covalent bonds.
Since none of the given answer options is 12, it seems that there might be an error in the question or answer choices.

Propane (C3H8) is an organic compound that belongs to the alkane family. It consists of three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms. To determine the number of covalent bonds in propane, we need to analyze the molecular structure of the compound.

Molecular Structure of Propane:
Propane is a linear molecule, meaning that the carbon atoms are arranged in a straight line. Each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms, with three of those bonds being sigma (σ) bonds and one being a pi (π) bond.

Explanation of the Number of Covalent Bonds in Propane:
To calculate the number of covalent bonds in propane, we need to count the total number of bonds formed by the carbon atoms.

1. Carbon-Carbon Bonds:
There are two carbon atoms in propane, and each carbon atom is bonded to one other carbon atom. Therefore, there are two carbon-carbon (C-C) sigma bonds.

2. Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds:
Each carbon atom in propane is also bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Since there are three carbon atoms in total, the number of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) sigma bonds is 3 * 3 = 9.

Total Number of Bonds:
The total number of covalent bonds in propane is the sum of the carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds and the carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds:

C-C bonds: 2
C-H bonds: 9

Total: 2 + 9 = 11

However, it's important to note that propane is a saturated hydrocarbon, which means it follows the octet rule. Each carbon atom in propane forms four sigma bonds, satisfying its valence electron requirements. Therefore, we need to divide the total number of bonds by 2 to account for the sharing of electrons between two atoms in each bond.

Final Number of Covalent Bonds:
11 / 2 = 5.5

Since covalent bonds cannot exist in fractions, we round down to the nearest whole number. Therefore, propane has a total of 5 covalent bonds.

Correct Answer: Option 'D' (10 covalent bonds) is incorrect. The correct answer is that propane has 5 covalent bonds.